Computational analysis of three-dimensional flow and mass transfer in a non-standard configuration for growth of a KDP crystal

3D numerical simulation for single crystal growth of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a new solution growth system

“…As shown in Ref. [6], in the case of s b ¼6%, the average value of surface supersaturation on prism and pyramid is 3.689% and 4.244%, and the standard deviation of surface supersaturation is up to 0.804% on prism and 0.876% on pyramid. The higher average value of surface supersaturation and lower standard deviation of surface supersaturation can be gained in the present study under a similar condition of s b ¼6% (see Figs.…”

“…g the gravitational acceleration constant, e z the unit vector parallel to the z axis, c the mass fraction of KDP, D the coefficient of mass diffusivity (D ¼1 Â 10 À 9 m 2 /s). The solution density r is a function of mass fraction of KDP [6]. The viscous stress tensor t can be written as…”

“…In our prior paper [6], the studies of numerical simulation [7][8][9][10][11] for the aqueous solution growth of KDP crystal have been discussed. Rotating of the growing crystal is proved to be an effective way to enhance the solute global mixing in the traditional method for rapid growth of KDP.…”

“…But the surface shear stress and surface morphological instability increases remarkably by increasing the rotation rate [10]. Therefore, the fixed KDP crystal is employed in our prior growing system [6]. The supersaturated solution is imported by five inlet pipes facing the center of prism and the pyramid.…”

Optimizing Mass Transfer Control Using a Stirring Paddle for the Rapid Growth of KDP Crystals

“…Numerical simulations were performed to study fluid flow and mass transfer around the growth surface during growth . Robey studied the effects of rotation rate, growth rate, and crystal size on the temporal and spatial evolution of crystal surface supersaturation in the rapid growth of a large KDP crystal.…”