“…Meanwhile, there is research focused on various aspects of time-periodic natural convection in a two-dimensional cavity, including the effects of oscillating horizontal walls temperature [8,9], the cavity aspect ratio [10], the magnetic field [11], thermal radiation [12], and nanofluid [13]. The complex unsteady natural convection process in a cavity, such as the time-periodic conjugate conductionconvection [14], the turbulent natural convection [15,16], and conjugate heat transfer of food freezing [17], have also been investigated. The literature reviewed above confirms that the unsteady natural convection in a two-dimensional cavity induced by sidewall temperature variation has been comprehensively studied, and related fluid flow and heat transfer processes and phenomena are deeply investigated.…”