Computation of salt concentration profiles in the porous substrate of anisotropic membranes under steady pressure-retarded-osmosis conditions

Reali, M.; Dassie, G.; Jonsson, Gunnar Eigil

doi:10.1016/0376-7388(90)85004-5

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Early studies focused on theoretical feasibility of the PRO process. 15,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] However, limited experimental PRO studies were performed due to the complexity of the system compared to RO and FO. 21,32 Therefore, the main approach was to develop models to predict PRO performance from RO and FO experiments using commercially available RO or NF membranes.…”

Section: Historical Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward and pressure retarded osmosis: potential solutions for global challenges in energy and water supply

et al. 2013

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Osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMP) have gained renewed interest in recent years and they might become a potential solution for the world's most challenging problems of water and energy scarcity. Though the concept of utilizing osmotic pressure difference between high and low salinity streams across semipermeable membranes has been explored for several decades, lack of optimal membranes and draw solutions hindered competition between forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) with existing water purification and power generation technologies, respectively. Driven by growing global water scarcity and by energy cost and negative environmental impacts, novel membranes and draw solutions are being developed for ODMPs, mass and heat transfer in osmotic process are becoming better understood, and new applications of ODMPs are emerging. Therefore, OMDPs might become promising green technologies to provide clean water and clean energy from abundantly available renewable resources. This review focuses primarily on new insights into osmotic membrane transport mechanisms and on novel membranes and draw solutions that are currently being developed. Furthermore, the effects of operating conditions on the overall performance of osmotic membranes will be highlighted and future perspectives will be presented.

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Section: Historical Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward and pressure retarded osmosis: potential solutions for global challenges in energy and water supply

et al. 2013

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“…In both cases, the available osmotic driving force becomes smaller than that based on the apparent concentration difference between the bulk DS and bulk FS. The permeate FO flux (J w FO ) can be expressed by using the classical solution diffusion theory involving ICP effect in support layer as follows [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]:…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of operating conditions on osmotic-driven membrane performances of cellulose triacetate forward osmosis hollow fiber membrane

et al. 2015

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“…Recent research is also focused on improving membrane performance by reengineering the support layer with nanofibers or even annealing the microstructure (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). While most studies focus on flat-sheet membranes that could potentially be turned into full-scale spiral-wound modules, much like current RO and FO membrane modules, other research suggests that spiral-wound modules are not ideal for PRO and instead investigate hollow fiber membranes in order to increase the membrane area and eliminate the effects of internal concentration polarization (27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Pressure-retarded Osmosis Membranes and Membrane Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure‐Retarded Osmosis

Childress¹,

Achilli²

2013

Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology

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There is a natural tendency for salt solutions to be diluted by freshwater. This natural force appears as osmotic pressure. One process of capturing the energy released from the mixing of freshwater with saltwater is pressure‐retarded osmosis (PRO). In PRO, water from a low salinity solution permeates through a membrane into a pressurized, high salinity solution; effectively transforming water chemical potential into hydraulic head (i.e., potential energy). The combination of increased interest in renewable and sustainable sources of power production and the recent progress in membrane science has led to a spike in PRO interest in the past decade. This interest culminated in the first experimental “river‐to‐sea” PRO installation, which opened in Norway in 2009. Additional applications of PRO, including reverse osmosis (RO)–PRO systems and osmotic heat engines have since gained attention. Although river‐to‐sea PRO has the potential to be a reliable source of base‐load power, the higher salinity gradient available for power production in RO–PRO systems is likely to make them a more promising component of an alternative energy portfolio. While RO–PRO systems are in the early stages of development, the possibility of PRO to enable significant energy reductions in RO energy costs are driving interest in these systems. For all applications, development of optimized and inexpensive PRO membranes is necessary. This article will provide the theoretical foundation of the PRO process as well as the state of the art of the membranes used in this process. It will also outline the development of the river‐to‐sea PRO, RO–PRO, and osmotic heat engine systems and discuss their capabilities, limitations, and future as alternative energy sources.

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Computation of salt concentration profiles in the porous substrate of anisotropic membranes under steady pressure-retarded-osmosis conditions

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Forward and pressure retarded osmosis: potential solutions for global challenges in energy and water supply

Forward and pressure retarded osmosis: potential solutions for global challenges in energy and water supply

Effect of operating conditions on osmotic-driven membrane performances of cellulose triacetate forward osmosis hollow fiber membrane

Pressure‐Retarded Osmosis

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