Computation of a face attractiveness index based on neoclassical canons, symmetry, and golden ratios

A Novel Framework for Assessing Facial Attractiveness Based on Facial Proportions

“…The results of rating 91 frontal face images on a seven-point scale showed that the system with the best predictor (linear regression) had a Pearson correlation of 0.82 with ratings by 27 human raters. A similar regression-based approach [26] was proposed to determine the relation between three facial proportion factors-the neoclassical canon, symmetry and the golden ratio-with human ratings. From the face recognition technology (FERET) database, 420 frontal face images were selected and scored on a 10-point scale by 36 human assessors.…”

“…Aarabi et al [23] Facial ratio 8-element vector of ratios Gunes and Piccardi [24] Facial ratio Golden ratio, facial thirds Schmid et al [26] Facial ratio Golden ratio, symmetry, canons Perrett et al [4] Facial landmarks Averageness Bronstad and Russell [21] Landmark distance, pixels Symmetry, averageness, sexual dimorphism Kagian et al [11] Landmark distance, skin Geometric features Jones [12] Landmark distance, skin Symmetry, averageness, femininity, skin tones Galton et al [16] Shape, pixels Averageness Eisenthal et al [25] Shape, hair color Symmetry Jones et al [22] Skin Skin patches Fink et al [9] Skin Skin colors, texture…”

“…In many previous studies, symmetry was measured along the vertical axis of the face. In this study, we measured symmetry based on the center point of the face, thus considering both the left and right sides of the face [12,26]. In addition, eight ratio values have been proposed by artists and scientists [23,[42][43][44].…”

“…This measure assumes that the facial contour is an ellipse and detects the exact position of the eyes and mouth to calculate eight proportional features, enabling simple measurements with several facial landmarks. Schmid et al [26] analyzed the role of symmetry, neoclassical canons, and golden ratio for the determination of facial attractiveness. The basic premise is that portions of an attractive face should follow certain defined ratios.…”

Factors Affecting the Perception of 3D Facial Symmetry from 2D Projections

“…The measure of asymmetry of the faces was 1.0 times the standard amount of asymmetry in the database of faces used to make the system. This is a meaningful metric of asymmetry as it is not dependent on the arbitrary selection of a subset of facial parameters (Previous studies measuring symmetry have used asymmetry metrics based on a limited number of facial feature locations: Scheib, Gangestad & Thornhill [45] [48] demonstrated that the asymmetry metric was affected by the choice of features and, also, that some features were more important than others when it came to attractiveness assessments. The asymmetry metric used in the current study is one that is related to the variability in real-world faces and so is comparable with other experiments that use naturally occurring facial asymmetry).…”