Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder – A Female Phenomenon?

Abstract

Background: There are increasing numbers of studies on compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD), but possible gender differences in prevalence are still unclear. To our knowledge, there is no review that synthesizes the ambivalent findings. Aim: This literature review aims to provide an overview by examining gender differences regarding the prevalence of CBSD. Method: A literature search was carried out in PubMed/Scopus/PubPsych. Inclusion criteria: empirical studies of neurologically healthy adults from 2000 onwards with outcomes related to the prevalence of CBSD and gender difference analysis. Results were synthesized narratively. Results: We included 39 studies in 4 settings with double allocation where multiple samples were included: general population ( n=18), purchase-specific ( n=3), students ( n=17), clinical samples ( n=4). There was no gender difference in 19 studies, women were significantly more affected in 19 studies and men in one study. Discussion: As only half of the studies found a gender difference, it cannot be assumed that CBSD is a female-only phenomenon. In those studies, the composition of the sample or cultural aspects (gender roles) may explain this. The studies vary widely regarding questionnaires/sample size. The use of consistent instruments is important for comparable research. Recognition CBSD as a distinct mental disorder is thus essential. There is a need for high-quality research to actually determine if there is a gender difference in prevalence.