“…In conventional OFDM systems, a technique used to counteract ICI is deliberately sacrificing the spectral efficiency of the system, which is achieved by increasing redundancy in the transmitted data in forward error correction (FEC) stages [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], or using virtual carriers (VC), also known as guard symbols [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Several works [ 13 , 20 , 22 ] highlight the advantages of using VC during transmission, achieving an improvement in system performance in terms of BER and reducing the complexity required by linear/nonlinear detectors. However, the receivers reported in state-of-the-art detectors do not use the diversity of the received signal during the detection process.…”