Compressive Tolerance of the Maturing Cervical Spine

Nuckley, David J.; Hertsted, Suzanne M.; Ku, Grace S.; Eck, Michael P.; Ching, Randal P.

doi:10.4271/2002-22-0021

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The years to completion of these studies serve as an additional obstacle to their use, as non-human primates have a long lifespan. For example, baboons may live up to 30 years with the years to skeletal maturity being 8 years [ 56 , 67 ].…”

Section: Common Animal Models Used For Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of osteoarthritis: classification, update, and measurement of outcomes

et al. 2016

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most commonly occurring forms of arthritis in the world today. It is a debilitating chronic illness causing pain and immense discomfort to the affected individual. Significant research is currently ongoing to understand its pathophysiology and develop successful treatment regimens based on this knowledge. Animal models have played a key role in achieving this goal. Animal models currently used to study osteoarthritis can be classified based on the etiology under investigation, primary osteoarthritis, and post-traumatic osteoarthritis, to better clarify the relationship between these models and the pathogenesis of the disease. Non-invasive animal models have shown significant promise in understanding early osteoarthritic changes. Imaging modalities play a pivotal role in understanding the pathogenesis of OA and the correlation with pain. These imaging studies would also allow in vivo surveillance of the disease as a function of time in the animal model. This review summarizes the current understanding of the disease pathogenesis, invasive and non-invasive animal models, imaging modalities, and pain assessment techniques in the animals.

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Section: Common Animal Models Used For Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of osteoarthritis: classification, update, and measurement of outcomes

et al. 2016

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“…Because of the paucity of data on the mechanical properties of the pediatric cervical spine, relative to that available for adults, identifying tolerance values for children is difficult. Much of the pediatric data used in the current FMVSS standards were obtained by scaling adult tolerance values and from animal models (Backaitis et al 1975;Irwin and Mertz 1997;van Ratingen et al 1997;Pintar et al 2000;Ching et al 2001;Hilker et al 2002;Nuckley et al 2002;Mertz et al 2003). Research to obtain data from pediatric cadaver testing and other sources is ongoing (e.g., Nuckley et al 2005;Ouyang et al 2005;Prange et al 2004) and should be used as it becomes available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertial Neck Injuries in Children Involved in Frontal Collisions

Prange¹,

Newberry²,

Moore³

et al. 2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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There is a paucity of data regarding the potential for pediatric cervical spine injury as a result of acceleration of the head with no direct impact during automotive crashes. Sled tests were conducted using a 3-year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD) to investigate the effect of restraint type and crash severity on the risk of pediatric inertial neck injury. At higher crash severities, the ATD restrained by only the vehicle three-point restraints sustained higher peak neck tension, peak neck extension and flexion moments, neck injury criterion (Nij) values, peak head accelerations, and HIC values compared to using a forward-facing child restraint system (CRS). The injury assessment reference values (IARVs) for peak tension and Nij were exceeded in all 48 and 64 kph delta-V tests using any restraint type. The test at a delta-V of 64 kph using only the vehicle belts as restraints resulted in peak upper neck tension, peak upper neck extension moment, and Nij values two times greater than the corresponding IARV. Only small differences were found in the injury metrics between a CRS installed with and without webbing tension except that head excursion was greater in the installation without webbing tension. These data show that the potential for neck injury exists for children involved in severe frontal crashes and restrained in either a forwardfacing CRS or by vehicle belts-only, even in the absence of head contact.

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“…[40][41][42] The availability of experimental data has lead to increased efforts in the modeling of biological materials (see Redondo and LeSar, 43 for a recent review). Merging of mechanics with anatomy and medicine has been able to generate critical data for understanding the force experienced during automotive accidents, [44][45][46][47] as shown in Fig. 2, and sports injuries, 48 as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Investigation Of Organic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%