Compressive stress effects on nanoparticle modulus and fracture

Mook, William; Nowak, Jessica; Perrey, Christopher R.; Carter, C. Barry; Mukherjee, Rajesh; Girshick, Steven L.; McMurry, Peter H.; Gerberich, William W

doi:10.1103/physrevb.75.214112

Cited by 102 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…79 In situ TEM compressive experiments on the Si NWs and particles have also been conducted. [80][81][82] Highly ductile features, plastic dislocations and strong strain hardening were directly observed. These results apparently indicated that for the semiconducting or ceramic materials, the RT brittle-ductile transition can be realized by reducing the size of the materials.…”

Section: Direct Atomic Mechanisms Of the Size Effect On The Unusual Pmentioning

confidence: 97%

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

2013

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Sub-micron and nanostructured materials exhibit high strength, ultra-large elasticity and unusual plastic deformation behaviors. These properties are important for their applications as building blocks for the fabrication of nano-and micro-devices as well as for their use as components for composite materials, high-strength structural and novel functional materials. These nano-related deformation and mechanical behaviors, which are derived from possible size and dimensional effects and the low density of defects, are considerably different from their conventional bulk counterparts. The atomic-scale understanding of the microstructural evolution process of nanomaterials when they are subjected to external stress is crucial for understanding these 'unusual' phenomena and is important for designing new materials, novel structures and applications. This review presents the recent developments in the methods, techniques, instrumentation and scientific progress for atomic-scale in situ deformation dynamics on nanomaterials, including nanowires, nanotubes, nanocrystals, nanofilms and polycrystalline nanomaterials. The unusual dislocation initiation, partial-full dislocation transition, crystalline-amorphous transitions and fracture phenomena related to the experimental mechanics of the nanomaterials are reviewed. Current limitations and future aspects using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of nanomaterials are also discussed. A new research field of in situ experimental mechanics at the atomic scale is thus expected. Keywords: atomic scale; dislocation; experimental mechanics; in situ; nanomaterial; twin INTRODUCTION Recent studies on nanostructured materials, including nanowires (NWs), 1,2 nanotubes (NTs), 1,3 nanocrystals (NC), 4 micro/nanopillars (NPs) 5-7 and nanocrystalline, 8,9 have revealed a variety of 'unusual deformation' phenomena compared with their bulk counterparts, such as high strength, nano-piezoelectric effects and unusual plastic deformation behaviors. Nanostructured materials can apparently sustain a larger dynamic range of elastic and plastic strains than conventional materials. The results from these studies indicate that the fundamental dislocation processes that initiate and sustain plastic flow and fracture in nanoscale materials are considerably different than in their conventional bulk counterparts. These 'unusual' phenomena not only allow these materials to possess excellent mechanical properties but also enable the tuning of their band structures and related novel electronic, magnetic, optical, photonic and catalytic properties. Revealing the atomic-scale deformation mechanisms of nanomaterials (NM) and controlling their elastic and plastic properties are useful for realizing the desired mechanical, physical and chemical properties through the application of stress or strain.Although extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of NM, 10 the majority of the atomic

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Section: Direct Atomic Mechanisms Of the Size Effect On The Unusual Pmentioning

confidence: 97%

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

2013

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“…[13][14][15] Nevertheless, there have been fewer studies dealing with the fracture properties of relatively brittle, stand-alone, small volumes. While there have been a few semi-quantitative studies of nanospheres, [16] nanowires, [17] and nanopillars, [18] there has been no coupled, property measurements Robust nanostructures for future devices will depend increasingly on their reliability. While great strides have been achieved for precisely evaluating electronic, magnetic, photonic, elasticity and strength properties, the same levels for fracture resistance have been lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brittle‐to‐Ductile Transition in Uniaxial Compression of Silicon Pillars at Room Temperature

Östlund

Rzepiejewska-Malyska

Leifer

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

272

163

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Robust nanostructures for future devices will depend increasingly on their reliability. While great strides have been achieved for precisely evaluating electronic, magnetic, photonic, elasticity and strength properties, the same levels for fracture resistance have been lacking. Additionally, one of the self‐limiting features of materials by computational design is the knowledge that the atomistic potential is an appropriate one. A key property in establishing both of these goals is an experimentally‐determined effective surface energy or the work per unit fracture area. The difficulty with this property, which depends on extended defects such as dislocations, is measuring it accurately at the sub‐micrometer scale. In this Full Paper the discovery of an interesting size effect in compression tests on silicon pillars with sub‐micrometer diameters is presented: in uniaxial compression tests, pillars having a diameter exceeding a critical value develop cracks, whereas smaller pillars show ductility comparable to that of metals. The critical diameter is between 310 and 400 nm. To explain this transition a model based on dislocation shielding is proposed. For the first time, a quantitative method for evaluating the fracture toughness of such nanostructures is developed. This leads to the ability to propose plausible mechanisms for dislocation‐mediated fracture behavior in such small volumes.

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“…[131][132][133] Both of them influence elastic moduli variations: the smaller the system, the more the effective moduli differ from their bulk counterpart. Atomistic simulations show significant variations of the effective elastic moduli below 10-15 nm sized NPs only, 134 while changes are still observed at rather greater sizes in the experiments (see, for example, Mook et al 135 ). Many differences between the two approaches need to be explained, and there is still no method to predict the evolution of elastic moduli due to size diminution for a given material (see Gerard and Pizzagalli for quantitative examples 136 ).…”

Section: Mechanics Of Nanoparticles: a Perspective Crossing Atomismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Article: Case studies in future trends of computational and experimental nanomechanics

Tadmor

Kysar

Zimmerman

et al. 2017

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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With rapidly increasing numbers of studies of new and exotic material uses for perovskites and quasicrystals, these demand newer instrumentation and simulation developments to resolve the revealed complexities. One such set of observational mechanics at the nanoscale is presented here for somewhat simpler material systems. The expectation is that these approaches will assist those materials scientists and physicists needing to verify atomistic potentials appropriate to the nanomechanical understanding of increasingly complex solids. The five following segments from nine University, National and Industrial Laboratories both review and forecast where some of the important approaches will allow a confirming of how in situ mechanics and nanometric visualization might unravel complex phenomena. These address two-dimensional structures, temporal models for the nanoscale, atomistic and multiscale friction fundamentals, nanoparticle surfaces and interfaces a) Electronic

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Compressive stress effects on nanoparticle modulus and fracture

Cited by 102 publications

References 26 publications

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

Brittle‐to‐Ductile Transition in Uniaxial Compression of Silicon Pillars at Room Temperature

Review Article: Case studies in future trends of computational and experimental nanomechanics

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