Compressive strength and microstructural analysis of unfired clay masonry bricks

Oti, Jonathan; Kinuthia, John; Bai, Jiping

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.08.010

Cited by 100 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On the other hand, pozzolanic reaction of GGBS is accelerated by the activation of quicklime and gypsum. Oti et al [41] found that these phenomena will promote a more compacted microstructure with less pores, voids, and fractures, as shown in Figure 8(d), resulting from the stronger bonds formed during the hydration process and the possibility of additional pozzolanic C-S-H, and therefore deliver better mechanical and physical properties and durability to the bricks, which is consistent with the data of water absorption, bulk density, and strength development. is agrees with the findings of the research by Peña et al [42].…”

Section: Sem Observationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Utilization of Sandy Soil as the Primary Raw Material in Production of Unfired Bricks

Tao

Pan

Qiao

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this study, attempts were made to use sandy soil as the main raw material in making unfired bricks. e sprayed-cured brick specimens were tested for compressive and flexural strength, rate of water absorption, percentage of voids, bulk density, freezing/thawing, and water immersion resistance. In addition, the microstructures of the specimens were also studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. e test results show that unfired brick specimens with the addition of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) tend to achieve better mechanical properties when compared with the specimens that added cement alone, with GGBS correcting particle size distribution and contributing to the pozzolanic reactions and the pore-filling effects. e test specimens with the appropriate addition of cement, GGBS, quicklime, and gypsum are dense and show a low water absorption rate, a low percentage of voids, and an excellent freezing/thawing and water immersion resistance. e SEM observation and XRD analysis verify the formation of hydrate products C-S-H and ettringite, providing a better explanation of the mechanical and physical behavior and durability of the derived unfired bricks. e results obtained suggest that there is a technical approach for the high-efficient comprehensive utilization of sandy soil and provide increased economic and environmental benefits.

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Section: Sem Observationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Utilization of Sandy Soil as the Primary Raw Material in Production of Unfired Bricks

Tao

Pan

Qiao

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…Surface hydration and the formation of coatings on Compressive strength (MPa) Fig. 4 The effect of the quicklime mixing composition on the compressive and bending strengths hydration products, due to the high exothermic action of quicklime, are well known [17]. In this case, we could extrapolate the fibrous shape or rod-like substances as C-S-H gel.…”

Section: Effect Of Quicklime Mixing Composition On Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of electrolytic manganese solid waste in autoclaved bricks preparation in China

Zhou

Duan

2013

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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China has played a dominant role in global electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) production, accounting for over 98 % of the total world capacity since 2008. However, with the rapid development of the EMM industry and depletion of mineral ores, electrolytic manganese solid waste (EMSW) is piling up, so more largescale landfills are needed. The environmental problems generated by EMSW pose severe threats to soil and ground water, and have become the hot issues in society. The aim is to consume and recycle EMSW, and the primary route is to make autoclaved bricks. However, less attention has been given to the procedure and strength-forming mechanism of EMSW bricks, not to mention the production line of the brick. On the basis of physical and chemical property analysis, the pretreatment process of EMSW was indispensable to solidify/stabilize the heavy metals, such as Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, etc.. This paper expatiated on the procedure of making EMSW autoclaved bricks, analyzed in detail the strength formed by different cementitious materials with cement properties, and introduced the practical engineering of EMSW autoclaved bricks. The results showed that the pretreatment process with quicklime was effective in solidifying/stabilizing the heavy metals. The compressive strength of EMSW bricks reached 10.05 MPa when quicklime 9 % (w/w) added. Cement may be an ideal cementitious material to create EMSW bricks of high strength in experiments and on the production line. Quicklime and cement used simultaneously produced a lower strength than that when adding cement alone because the gypsum from EMSW and an alkali could generate deleterious effects, e.g., expansion or burst. In the production line of EMSW bricks, an appropriate mix proportion to make high-quality autoclaved bricks was determined: EMSW 30-40 %, cement 10-20 %, and aggregates 40-60 %. The low content of heavy metals tested by toxicity leaching may deduce that the EMSW autoclaved bricks have low environmental risk. However, long-term environmental risk evaluation will be needed, requiring more tests and leaching modeling. Employing EMSW to make high-quality autoclaved bricks may be a promising waste-to-resource strategy.

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“…Isso é relevante para diferentes profissionais que atuam na área de construção e trabalham em países em desenvolvimento, que têm de enfrentar os desafios globais, enquanto confrontado com o aumento da pressão sobre a transparência, as boas práticas, bem como sobre a capacidade de realizar suas operações de forma mais sustentável [7].…”

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Avaliação das propriedades físicas e mecânicas de blocos de solo-cimento formulados com coprodutos siderúrgicos

et al. 2016

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RESUMOEste trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar o desempenho de resistência mecânica e absorção de água de blocos solo-cimento para alvenaria, após 28 dias de cura, com a incorporação limite dos seguintes coprodutos siderúrgicos em substituição parcial ao solo: adições de até 20 % em massa do pó de balão coletado em altoforno, até 10 % de poeiras de despoeiramento de aciaria elétrica, e até 20 % de escória granulada de forno elétrico a arco. As formulações propostas incluem adições simultâneas de pós obtidos do descarte da produção de blocos solo-cimento, onde a substituição parcial ao solo foi de até 20 % em massa. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a potencialidade de uso dos resíduos siderúrgicos em blocos intertravados de solo-cimento para alvenaria sustentável, como alternativa de aplicação para esses resíduos. Verificou-se a possibilidade de bons resultados confrontando os valores exigidos por norma (absorção de água < 20% e resistência mecânica > 2,0 MPa) com destaque quando se utilizou 20% pó de balão juntamente com 10% de reuso do bloco solocimento; 10% de escória de aciaria ou 20% de escória de aciaria juntamente com 10% de reuso do bloco solo-cimento; e 2,5% de pó de despoeiramento juntamente com 20% de reuso do bloco solo-cimento. Palavras-chave:Coprodutos siderúrgicos, solo-cimento, alvenaria sustentável, estabilização. ABSTRACTThis work aims to characterize the mechanical resistance performance and water absorption of soil-cement blocks for masonry, after 28 days of moist curing, with the incorporation limit of the following steel coproducts to partial replacement of soil: up to 20% by weight of balloon blast furnace dust powder additions, 10% of dedusting dust secondary from electric arc furnace, and 20% of granulated slag of electric arc furnace. The proposed formulations also evaluated simultaneous additions of soil-cement blocks discarded, after granulated by crushing, with partial replacement of soil in up to 20% by mass. The results suggest the potential use of steel residues in soil-cement interlocked blocks for sustainable masonry, as applying alternative to this waste. It was found that the results that stood out, comparing standard specification (water absorption < 20% and strength > 2.0 MPa), the results that stood out were using 20% powder flask along with a 10% reuse of the soil-cement block; 10% of steel slag or 20% of steel slag with 10% reuse of soil-cement block; and 2.5% dusting powder with 20% reuse of the soil-cement block.

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Compressive strength and microstructural analysis of unfired clay masonry bricks

Cited by 100 publications

References 35 publications

Utilization of Sandy Soil as the Primary Raw Material in Production of Unfired Bricks

Utilization of Sandy Soil as the Primary Raw Material in Production of Unfired Bricks

Recycling of electrolytic manganese solid waste in autoclaved bricks preparation in China

Avaliação das propriedades físicas e mecânicas de blocos de solo-cimento formulados com coprodutos siderúrgicos

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