Compressive rib fracture: Peri-mortem and post-mortem trauma patterns in a pig model

Weller, S; Swain, Michael V.; Waddell, John Neil; Das, Raj

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2013.01.001

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The effects of sawing in dry bone could differ from fresh bone due to increased presence of organic matter in fresh bone. This organic matter is mainly composed of collagen, granting greater bone elasticity, whereas diminishing organic content in dry bone changes the elastic properties from viscoelastic to brittle [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol production during autopsies: The risk of sawing in bone

Pluim

Jimenez-Bou

Gerretsen

et al. 2018

Forensic Science International

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When sawing during autopsies on human remains, fine dust is produced, which consists of particles of sizes that may fall within the human respirable range, and can act as vectors for pathogens. The goal of this study was to explore the potential effects of saw blade frequency and saw blade contact load on the number and size of airborne bone particles produced. The methodology involved the use of an oscillating saw with variable saw blade frequencies and different saw blade contact loads on dry human femora. Released airborne particles were counted per diameter by a particle counter inside a closed and controlled environment. Results corroborated with the hypotheses: higher frequencies or lower contact loads resulted in higher numbers of aerosol particles produced. However, it was found that even in the best-case scenario tested on dry bone, the number of aerosol particles produced was still high enough to provide a potential health risk to the forensic practitioners. Protective breathing gear such as respirators and biosafety protocols are recommended to be put into practice to protect forensic practitioners from acquiring pathologies, or from other biological hazards when performing autopsies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol production during autopsies: The risk of sawing in bone

Pluim

Jimenez-Bou

Gerretsen

et al. 2018

Forensic Science International

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“…Pigs are widely used as large animal models in biomedical research (57)(58)(59)(60)(61), particularly in studies on cardiovascular diseases (62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67), trauma (68)(69)(70)(71), sepsis (72)(73)(74)(75)(76), drug intoxications (54,55), and, since 1999 (53), CARPA. As described in many previous experimental studies (50)(51)(52)(53)77) and a recent review (7), the porcine CARPA model represents a highly sensitive and reproducible model for the most serious, life threatening HSRs in man caused by RNM.…”

Section: The Use Of Pigs As Disease Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned from the porcine CARPA model: constant and variable responses to different nanomedicines and administration protocols

Urbanics

Bedőcs

Szebeni

2015

European Journal of Nanomedicine

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Pigs provide a sensitive and quantitative animal model of complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) caused by liposomes and a wide range of nanoparticulate drugs or drug nanocarriers (nanomedicines). The tetrad of symptoms (hemodynamic, hematological, laboratory and skin changes) that arise within minutes after i.v. injection of reactogenic nanomedicines (RNMs) are highly reproducible among different pigs but the presence, direction and relative severity of symptoms are very different with different RNMs and their administration schedule. Bolus administration of RNMs usually trigger pulmonary hypertension with or without various degrees of systemic hyper-or hypotension, tachy-or bradycardia, arrhythmia, blood cell and inflammatory mediator changes and skin rash. These reactions can be rapid or protracted, and fully tachyphylactic, semi-tachyphylactic or non-tachyphylactic. Slow infusion usually diminishes the reactions and/or entail delayed, protracted and less severe hemodynamic and other changes. The goal of this review is to present some technical details of the porcine CARPA model, point out its constant and variable parameters, show examples of different reactions, highlight the unique features and capabilities of the model and evaluate its utility in preclinical safety assessment. The information obtained in this model enables the understanding of the complex pathomechanism of CARPA involving simultaneous anaphylatoxin and inflammatory mediator actions at multiple sites in different organs.

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“…The oblique course, colour, and smooth edge of the rib fracture (Figure d) indicates a perimortem origin (Galloway et al, ; Love & Symes, ; Kieser, Weller, Swain, Waddel, & Das, ). Such fractures are common in falls from a height (Galloway & Wedel, ); in this case, it may be associated with the probable fall from the wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of a death in the fortress Hisn al‐Bab, on the first cataract of the Nile

Scheelen-Nováček

Nováček

Rose³

2018

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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A skeleton was discovered during the excavation of fortifications at Hisn al‐Bab in southern Egypt. It was not found in a grave but was lying on its back in an outspread position at the foot of the collapsed northern wall of the fort, covered by wall debris. The individual was probably male and about 25 to 30 years old. The osteological evidence strongly suggests that the man met his death through interpersonal violence. A deep kerf was identified on the medial shaft of his left femur, caused perimortem by a large, bladed weapon. In addition, fractures of the facial bones, the skull base, and the right ribs occurred around the time of his death. These traumas, as well as the archaeological evidence of a contemporary destruction horizon of the fort, suggest some sort of conflict. The taphonomic changes to the bones indicate that the body was partly covered by wall debris soon after death, whereas some parts remained exposed. Distinct marks on the facial bones may suggest the presence of larger, scavenging birds, such as vultures. The analysis and interpretation of the traumas, and the taphonomic changes in relation to the archaeological context, give an insight into the last moments of one phase of occupation at Hisn al‐Bab. They illustrate an ancient case of violent death on the border between Egypt and Nubia.

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Compressive rib fracture: Peri-mortem and post-mortem trauma patterns in a pig model

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Aerosol production during autopsies: The risk of sawing in bone

Aerosol production during autopsies: The risk of sawing in bone

Lessons learned from the porcine CARPA model: constant and variable responses to different nanomedicines and administration protocols

A case of a death in the fortress Hisn al‐Bab, on the first cataract of the Nile

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