Compressive nanomechanics of opposing aggrecan macromolecules

Dean, Delphine; Han, Lin; Grodzinsky, Alan J.; Ortiz, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.09.007

Cited by 83 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Our rapid load application revealed fast relaxation dynamics that have not previously been emphasized: about 80% of the stressrelaxation occurred during the first 100s (Fig.2). These data add a novel experimental phenomenon to an already complex picture of cartilage mechanics (Dean et al, 2006;Federico et al, 2005;Julkunen et al, 2008;Neu et al, 2007;Park et al, 2003). Cartilage stress relaxation was faster at 60°C than at 24°C, as shown by both the normalized stress-relaxation data (Fig.2) and the 60% decrease in .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Previous studies have examined cartilage material properties in response to various experimental perturbations including enzymatic digestion (Basalo et al, 2005;Bonassar et al, 1995;DiSilvestro and Suh, 2002;Zhu et al, 1993) and ionic concentration (Dean et al, 2006;June et al, 2009;Lu et al, 2004). Static properties of articular cartilage result at least partially from electrostatic interactions between anionic glycosaminoglycans (Dean et al, 2006;Lu et al, 2004;Lux Lu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Static properties of articular cartilage result at least partially from electrostatic interactions between anionic glycosaminoglycans (Dean et al, 2006;Lu et al, 2004;Lux Lu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature effects in articular cartilage biomechanics

June

Fyhrie

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYArticular cartilage is the soft tissue that covers contacting surfaces of bones in synovial joints. Cartilage is composed of chondrocytes and an extracellular matrix containing numerous biopolymers, cations and water. Healthy cartilage functions biomechanically to provide smooth and stable joint movement. Degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis involve cartilage deterioration, resulting in painful and cumbersome joint motion. Temperature is a fundamental quantity in mechanics, yet the effects of temperature on cartilage mechanical behavior are unknown. This study addressed the questions of whether cartilage stiffness and stress relaxation change with temperature. Samples of middle-zone bovine calf patellofemoral cartilage were tested in unconfined compression first at 24°C and then again after heating to 60°C. The data reveal that when temperature increases: (1) both peak and equilibrium stiffness increase by 150 and 8%, respectively, and (2) stress relaxation is faster at higher temperature, as shown by a 60% decrease in the time constant. The increases in temperature-dependent stiffness are consistent with polymeric mechanisms of matrix viscoelasticity but not with interstitial fluid flow. The changes in the time constant are consistent with a combination of both fluid flow and matrix viscoelasticity. Furthermore, we discovered a novel phenomenon: at stress-relaxation equilibrium, compressive stress increased with temperature. These data demonstrate a rich area of cartilage mechanics that has previously been unexplored and emphasize the role of polymer dynamics in cartilage viscoelasticity. Further studies of cartilage polymer dynamics may yield additional insight into mechanisms of cartilage material behavior that could improve treatments for cartilage degeneration. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature effects in articular cartilage biomechanics

June

Fyhrie

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Hence, the steric and electric repulsion forces in and between the glycosaminoglycan aggregates at the nanoscale (Dean et al 2006;Han et al 2007), might favour incompressibility of proteoglycan-rich phases at the microscale. Also, the swelling pressure generated by the proteoglycan negative fixed charges, pre-tenses the collagen fibres and increases the volumetric stiffness of the proteoglycan phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the sensitivity of cell nutritive environment to composition changes within the intervertebral disc

Wills

Malandrino

Rijsbergen

et al. 2016

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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“…The H. roretzi tunic is rich in a chitin sulfate-like polysaccharide (9) , which-unlike chitin-is water soluble (9) . Aggrecan, a proteoglycan present abundantly in the cartilage, changes its mechanical properties based on the sodium ion concentration (10), (11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Movement of the Tunic in Halocynthia roretzi

Kato

2010

JBSE

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Halocynthia roretzi, a solitary ascidian, can swell and deflate its solid, leather-like tunic largely, but it is not clear whether the tunic deforms actively. Cellulose Iβ, which is predominant in higher plants, is also present in the tunic as a highly crystalline form. The elastic modulus of its whisker crystalline is considerably high. Substantial amounts of chitin sulfate-like, water-soluble polysaccharide were also present. These polysaccharides alone would barely cause tunic deformation. If the tunic's flexible deformation is self-controlled, it would have another element in addition to the polysaccharide, and it would be an ideal model for designing a novel material. The hypothesis of this study was that the H. roretzi tunic has a nervous system, myocytes, and elastic fibers controlling its flexible deformation. Using acetylcholine and touch as stimuli, the tunic samples were found to deform at acetylcholine concentrations ≥20 µM, indicating the existence of a nervous system, and to have mechanosensitivity. The Bodian, Klüver-Barrera, acetylcholinesterase, immunohistochemical (α-smooth muscle actin), and Elastica-Masson staining methods indicated the presence of a nervous system, myocytes, a region rich in α-smooth muscle actin, and elastic fibers, validating the hypothesis. The self-controlled system in the tunic is useful to understand the properties of the tunic and to design a novel actively deforming material.

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Compressive nanomechanics of opposing aggrecan macromolecules

Cited by 83 publications

References 31 publications

Temperature effects in articular cartilage biomechanics

Temperature effects in articular cartilage biomechanics

Simulating the sensitivity of cell nutritive environment to composition changes within the intervertebral disc

Active Movement of the Tunic in Halocynthia roretzi

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