Compressive creep properties of lead alloys

Sahota, M.K; Riddington, John

doi:10.1016/s0261-3069(99)00095-3

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Vickers hardness (Hv) is the ratio of a load applied to the indenter to the surface area of the indentation, which is given by 2 …”

Section: Measurement Of Microhardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These alloys have been successfully produced by continuous and gravity casting processes [1]. Among the different characteristics of grid battery alloys, creep behavior is of great interest mainly due to the need for the attaining shape and mechanical properties [2]. The structural and mechanical characteristics of Pb-Sb alloys, as well as their precipitation hardening effect, make them a very convenient material for lead acid battery positive grids [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical properties of directionally solidified lead-antimony alloys

Şahin

Kaya

2011

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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The Pb-17wt% Sb alloy was directionally solidified under two solidification conditions: with different temperature gradients (G=0.93-3.67 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V=17.50 μm/s) and with different growth rates (V=8.3-497 μm/s) at a constant temperature gradient (G=3.67 K/mm) in a Bridgman furnace. Microstructure parameters, such as primary dendrite arm spacing (λ 1 ), secondary dendrite arm spacing (λ 2 ), and dendrite tip radius (R), were measured. The microhardness (Hv) and ultimate tensile strength (σ) of the directional solidification samples were also measured. The influences of solidification and microstructure parameters on Hv and σ were investigated. The results obtained in this work were compared with similar experimental researches in literatures. It is shown that the Hv and σ values increase with the increase of G and V, but decrease with the increase of λ 1 , λ 2 , and R.

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“…The Vickers hardness (Hv) is the ratio of a load applied to the indenter to the surface area of the indentation, which is given by 2 …”

Section: Measurement Of Microhardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of directionally solidified lead-antimony alloys

Şahin

Kaya

2011

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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“…The physical and mechanical properties of pure Pb and Pb-(1-12)wt.%Sb alloys are summarized in Table 1 [11,12] [13,14]. Because of the significant 3 difference in testing parameters and the inconsistency of mechanical properties from the different resources in Table 1 [15,16] [17,18], the tensile properties of pure Pb and Pb-5wt.%Sb alloys were measured and the results are shown in Figure 1. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation is 12 MPa, 17 MPa and 76% for pure Pb, and 17 MPa, 27 MPa and 90% for the Pb-5wt.%Sb alloy, respectively.…”

Section: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn–Cu alloys for detonating and explosive cords

Liu

Grechcini³

et al. 2017

Materials Science and Technology

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In order to develop alloys as the substitute of Pb-based materials for shielding materials in detonating and explosive cords, the materials requirement was analyzed and Sn-Cu based alloys were selected as candidates for this purpose. Four alloys including Sn-0.3wt.%Cu, Sn-0.5wt.%Cu, Sn-0.7wt.%Cu, and Sn-1.0wt.%Cu were processed from melting, casting, rolling, and annealing. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated under as-cast, as-rolled and as-annealed conditions. The results confirmed that Sn-Cu based alloys are the appropriate substitute of Pb-based alloys for the application of detonating and explosive cords. The advantages of Sn-Cu alloys include resource abundant, low materials cost, non-toxicity for health and environment, relatively high density for supplying sufficient impulse energy and momentum for penetration, acceptable mechanical properties, and easy in melting, casting, extrusion, rolling and drawings. The microstructure of hypoeutectic Sn-Cu alloys was characterized by Sn-Cu solution and Sn-Cu6Sn5 eutectic phase. The annealing heat treatment was not able to modify the microstructure. The Sn-Cu based alloys with 0.3 to 1.0wt.%Cu offered the yield strength from 26.1 to 50.8MPa, ultimate tensile strength from 30.1 to 51.5MPa and elongation from 87.5 to 56.0%, which were comparable with the mechanical properties of the currently used Pb-based alloys. More importantly, Sn-Cu alloys exhibited strain softening under tensile stress, which was critically beneficial to the shielding manufacture and subsequent processing after assembly with high-energy explosive materials.

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“…1973), the results presented cannot be used to generate a creep model, either because they are presented in terms of creep strain rates for different test temperature and stress levels, or because the tests were conducted at too high a temperature. Fortunately, original creep strain‐time data were available from the study of the creep of lead published by Sahota and Riddington (2000). Although it is acknowledged that grain‐size would make a difference to the creep, the data from Sahota and Riddington were the only suitable data available at all.…”

Section: Finite Element Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Creep of Lead Dyeing Vessels in Pompeii: The Use of Finite Element Analysis to Answer ‘Unanswerable’ Questions

Hopkins

2011

Archaeometry

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The scale of manufacture of the dyeing industry in Pompeii is a controversial subject. Previous studies have taken a theoretical approach. This study used full-scale replicas of dyeing apparatus to investigate their operating parameters. To explore the physical effect within the materials during the dyeing cycle, a virtual replica was constructed. Finite element analysis was used to explore the long-term mechanical effects of the dyeing process on the apparatus and on production as a whole. These combined methods have given an understanding of the significance of the industry and this new method has provided a foundation for further work.

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Compressive creep properties of lead alloys

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Mechanical properties of directionally solidified lead-antimony alloys

Mechanical properties of directionally solidified lead-antimony alloys

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn–Cu alloys for detonating and explosive cords

Creep of Lead Dyeing Vessels in Pompeii: The Use of Finite Element Analysis to Answer ‘Unanswerable’ Questions

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