Compression Properties of Two Novel Natural Luffa Mattress Filling Materials

Chen, Yuxia; Zhang, Kaiting; Guo, Yong; Yuan, Fangcheng; Zhu, Zhenzhen; Weng, Beibei; Dai, Linhong; Wu, Shanshan; Na, Su

doi:10.1080/15440478.2019.1636746

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The load range was 0–250 N at a constant speed of 100 mm min −1 . Based on the load-deflection curves obtained from the tests, the approximate modulus calculation method was used to determine the multilevel firmness of the mattress [ 17 ]: surface firmness (

), core firmness (

), and bottom firmness (

), as shown in Equations (6)–(8), in MPa.

where

, and

represent the modulus between 4 and 40 N (surface), 40 and 200 N (core), 200 N and 250 N (bottom); ε represents the strain at 4 N, 40 N, 200 N, and 250 N; S is the bottom area of the indenter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers developed new constructions of hybrid springs for mattresses and demonstrated that they could achieve the desired progressive stiffness characteristics [ 14 , 15 ]. Chen studied the compression properties of luffa mattresses and found that compressing the LCs to the densification stage increased the firmness of the low-density luffa mattresses [ 16 , 17 ]. Compared to polyurethane mattresses, latex mattresses reduced peak body pressure and achieved a more even distribution of pressure [ 18 ], while significantly alleviating back pain and sclerosis in humans [ 19 , 20 ], attributed to the superior cushioning and resilience properties of latex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compression Property of TPEE-3D Fibrous Material and Its Application in Mattress Structural Layer

Fang,

Shen

2023

Polymers

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Thermoplastic poly(ether/ester) elastomer (TPEE) has great potential as a mattress material due to its high resilience, breathability, and light weight. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of TPEE-3D fibrous material (T3DF), a three-dimensional block material made of TPEE fibers randomly aligned and loop-connected, for mattress application. After testing the compression properties of T3DF, the effects of T3DF structural layers on mattress firmness were investigated. The results showed that T3DF had good energy absorption capacity, broad indentation hardness range (126.94–333.82 N), and high compression deflection coefficient (2.79–4.39). The thickness and density of T3DF were the main factors influencing mattress firmness, and the impact of thickness was more significant (p < 0.05). Owing to the hard and soft segments contained in TPEE, T3DF could be used for both the padding and core layers of the mattress. The hardness value and Dsurface of the mattress with a T3DF padding layer increased with T3DF density but decreased with T3DF thickness. Moreover, the hardness value and Dsurface of the mattress with a T3DF core layer increased with T3DF density, while with T3DF thickness, its Dsurface increased and Dbottom decreased. Therefore, the thick and low-density T3DF padding layer could improve the comfort of the mattress surface, a thin T3DF core layer could satisfy both the softer surface and the firmer bottom of the mattress.

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), core firmness (

), and bottom firmness (

), as shown in Equations (6)–(8), in MPa.

where

, and

represent the modulus between 4 and 40 N (surface), 40 and 200 N (core), 200 N and 250 N (bottom); ε represents the strain at 4 N, 40 N, 200 N, and 250 N; S is the bottom area of the indenter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression Property of TPEE-3D Fibrous Material and Its Application in Mattress Structural Layer

Fang,

Shen

2023

Polymers

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“…, 2021; Fernández et al. , 2022), the mechanical performance of new filling materials like loofah (Chen et al. , 2021) and warp-knitted spacer (Qu et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, mattresses are complexes containing multiple layers of structure. At present, research on mattresses mainly focuses on materials such as the constitutive models and simulation analysis of polyurethane foam (Ju et al, 2015;Fazekas and Goda, 2018;Berezvai and Kossa, 2016;Yan et al, 2021;Fern andez et al, 2022), the mechanical performance of new filling materials like loofah (Chen et al, 2021) and warp-knitted spacer (Qu et al, 2022). In addition, there has been much research on seat cushions, similar to mattresses in structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method and finite element verification of indentation calculation for a novel air-spring mattress: for estimating spinal alignment in sleep postures

Chao,

Liu,

Shen

2023

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PurposeThis study aimed to develop a method to calculate the mattress indentation for further estimating spinal alignment.Design/methodology/approachA universal indentation calculation model is derived based on the system theory, and the deformation characteristics of each component are analyzed by the finite element (FE) model of a partial air-spring mattress under the initial air pressure of 0.01–0.025 MPa. Finally, the calculation error of the model is verified.FindingsThe results indicate that the indentation calculation model could describe the stain of a mattress given the load and the constitutive model of each element. In addition, the FE model of a partial air-spring mattress can be used for further simulation analysis with an error of 1.47–3.42 mm. Furthermore, the deformation of the series system is mainly contributed by the air spring and the components directly in contact with it, while the top component is mainly deflection deformation. In addition, the error of the calculation model is 2.17–5.59 mm on the condition of 0.01–0.025 MPa, satisfying the engineering application. Finally, the supine spinal alignment is successfully extracted from the mattress indentation.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study is that it needs to verify the practicality of the indentation calculation model for the Bonnier spiral spring mattress. The main feature of the Bonnier spring mattress is that all springs are connected, so the mattress deflection and neighborhood effect are more significant than those of the air-spring mattress. Therefore, the applicability of the model needs to be tested. Moreover, it is worth further research to reduce the deformation error of each component.Practical implicationsAs part of the series of studies on the intelligent air-spring mattress, the indentation-based evaluation method of spinal alignment in sleep postures will be studied for hardness and intelligent regulation based on this study.Social implicationsThe results of this research are ultimately used for the intelligent adjustment of air-spring mattresses, which automatically adjusts the hardness according to the user's sleep postures and spinal alignment, thus maintaining optimal spinal biomechanics. The successful application of this result could improve the sleep health of the general public.Originality/valueBased on the series system theory, an indentation calculation model for mattresses with arbitrary structure is proposed, overcoming the dependence of parameters on materials and their combinations when fitting the Burgers model. Further, the spinal alignment in supine posture is extracted from the indentation, laying a theoretical foundation for further recognition and adjustment of the spinal alignment of the intelligent mattress.

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“…The hardness of FPF increases as density increases. That density has a significant effect on the compressive strength and platform stress of the columnar loofah was found by Chen et al [18]. Twentyfive percent IFD, sixty-five percent IFD and SF are used to evaluate the load-deflection curves of rattan seat foundation specimens by Gu et al [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive Properties of Green Velvet Material Used in Mattress Bedding

Liu

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, Green Velvet Material (PLON), a renewable and environmentally friendly material, has been widely applied to mattresses. In order to improve the compressive properties of PLON, a series of experiments were carried out with special attention given to the compression deformation characteristics, support performance of the PLON blocks and its effective application in mattress products. The results are: (1) Average slopes of the load-deformation curves’ two phases are represented by K1 and K2, respectively. K1 is more sensitive to density changes that range from 30 kg/m3 to 50 kg/m3, while K2 is sensitive to density changes that range from 20 kg/m3 to 50 kg/m3. Their values increase with the rise of density; (2) 25% IFD, 40% IFD, 65% IFD, SF and IHF values are sensitive to density changes and they significantly increase with the rise of density. PLON blocks have excellent supporting properties and are considered to be comfortable according to American FPF Test Standard (ASTM-D3574-B1) when used in mattress bedding; (3) a PLON block density of 30 kg/m3 is preferentially selected for the softer type of mattress, while a PLON block density of 40 kg/m3 is preferentially selected for the harder type of mattress. The compression deformation characteristics and support performance of the PLON blocks were analyzed and the effective application of PLON in mattress products was explored through the above research.

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Compression Properties of Two Novel Natural Luffa Mattress Filling Materials

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Compression Property of TPEE-3D Fibrous Material and Its Application in Mattress Structural Layer

Compression Property of TPEE-3D Fibrous Material and Its Application in Mattress Structural Layer

Method and finite element verification of indentation calculation for a novel air-spring mattress: for estimating spinal alignment in sleep postures

Compressive Properties of Green Velvet Material Used in Mattress Bedding

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