Compression of Acetylated Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

Slabohm, Maik; Mayer, Aaron Kilian; Militz, Holger

doi:10.3390/f13071122

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There are a number of reasons why the oven-dry density of the acetylated LVL increased by only about 15% rather than by the WPG's percentage, when compared to the references. For instance, during primary bonding, when density is increased on the references, acetylated LVL displayed significantly smaller thickness reduction (densification) 13 . Another possible example is due to the changed mass-to-volume ratio as a result of bulking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 provides an overview of manufacturing acetylated beech LVL, starting with the untreated veneer (A) and ending with the specimen preparation (H). A similar material for hot-bonding acetylated beech LVL as in previous studies was used 13 . Rotary-cut beech veneers (2200 × 1200 × 2.5 mm 3 ) were acetylated with acetic anhydride at an industrial scale (Accsys Technologies in Arnhem, the Netherlands) to an weight percent gain (WPG) of approximately 24.4 (SD 0.5%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is previous research on the primary bonding of acetylated beech LVL, which involves bonding at high temperature 13 – 15 , less has been conducted on bonding acetylated LVL at room temperature. Most recent research has focused on the lengthwise connection of acetylated beech LVL using similar adhesives 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Slabohm,

Militz

2024

Sci Rep

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Acetylation of wood with acetic anhydride reduces the wood–moisture interaction, improves the dimensional stability and resistance against biodegradation. However, the adhesive bonding is affected by the modification, which is crucial to manufacture engineered wood products, such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL). In this study we report the bonding of 8-layered acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL boards to 2-layered LVL beams. The beams were glued together at room temperature adding three common load-bearing construction adhesives: melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF), phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde (PRF), and one-component polyurethane (PUR). The bonding performance was tested by assessing its dry and wet tensile shear strength (TSS) and wood failure percentage (WF). Also evaluated were the material's density and moisture content (MC). The surface was characterized prior to bonding by its pH, roughness, and contact angle (CA). The adhesive penetration was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Aside from MUF, applying PRF and PUR adhesives achieved good bonding performance on acetylated LVL and references. Acetylated LVL displayed a more hydrophobic behaviour, a higher pH, a somewhat smoother surface, and an increased density.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Slabohm,

Militz

2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…The edge layers exhibit a density of 550–600 kg/m 3 [ 28 ], which can be assigned to the beech veneers. It follows, at a thickness of 1.5–2 mm, an increase in density to a value of 650 kg/m 3 , which can be attributed to the adhesive layer [ 29 ]. As the profile progresses, the different densities of the individual types A, B, and C core materials can be differentiated from the edge layers [ 12 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loofah Sandwich Panels: The Effect of Adhesive Content on Mechanical and Physical Properties

Kohler¹,

Jurisch²,

Mayer

et al. 2022

Materials

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In the development of new materials, the focus nowadays is increasingly on their relevance with regard to lightweight construction or environmental compatibility. The idea of a lightweight sandwich panel was inspired by an increasing number of cosmetic accessories that use the fibers of the loofah plant, a rapidly renewable, light, fibrous raw material. The aim of the study was to develop a fiber composite panel based on the fibers of the loofah plant (Luffa cylindrica) as core material and wooden veneer as the skin layer to be used in areas of lead construction. Three different panel variations were produced for the tests, with a fiber–adhesive ratio between 1:1.05, 1:0.8, and 1:0.5. The mechanical strength (flexural strength and internal bond) and the physical properties (density and thickness swelling) were determined as a function of the fiber–adhesive composition. The results show that the flexural strength increased by approx. 400% and the thickness swelling was reduced by 10% with increasing adhesive quantity.

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“…Veneer is appealing for acetylation because of its thin thickness, which supports a complete and even impregnation of difficult-to-treat wood species, such as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). However acetylated beech veneer is considerably less compressible, most likely caused due to a decrease in moisture content (MC), but still providing a similar density as reference material due to weight gain by the acetylation process (Slabohm et al 2022). Acetylation of beech veneers with acetic anhydride highly improves the durability of the manufactured LVL.…”

Section: Treated and Reinforced Hardwood Lvlmentioning

confidence: 99%

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

2024

Hardwood Conference Proceedings

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Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is the most widespread non-native tree species in Europe and has had a significant impact on the Central European landscape and forestry. The black locust has many exceptional characteristics that represent considerable potential for use by man. The climate shift in recent decades in Central Europe could further strengthen the importance of this tree species. However, there are also risks arising from the invasiveness of the black locust. Like Hungary, Czechia has had many years of experience with this tree species. Still, the current approach between these two countries, particularly in conventional forestry, differs. This paper attempts to summarise how the management of Robinia and its stands is viewed in Czechia, where the common forestry utilization of black locust is currently not considered due to its invasiveness. The reason for a more reserved forestry attitude in Czechia can be associated with the relatively frequent stem deformities of Robinia stands, which are often attributed to frost. However, the frost deformities and low stem-form quality of some Robinia stands do not affect their vigour and potential to invade adjacent habitats. It often takes considerable effort to remove black locust, especially where the spreading of Robinia threatens valuable adjacent ecosystems. On the other hand, there is great potential for the use of Robinia in Czechia. It can be found in controlled energy crops, fast-growing plantations (lignicultures), some land reclamation projects or urban greenery. Robinia can also be grown in small stands or in groups of trees surrounded by arable land that does not allow the tree to spontaneously spread. Regarding the production plantations of Robinia, the Hungarian experience and breeding program can be very inspiring for Czechia. Generally, there is a move towards 'site-specific management', but with a strong emphasis on the precautionary principle. Finding and then consistently applying a balanced approach to black locust management that not only allows for the potential but also respects the risks of Robiniait is currently a key challenge for Czech forestry, landscape and nature conservation.

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Compression of Acetylated Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Loofah Sandwich Panels: The Effect of Adhesive Content on Mechanical and Physical Properties

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

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