Compression and swelling of hydrogels in polymer solutions: A dominant-mode model

Punter, Melle T. J. J. M.; Wyss, Hans M.; Mulder, Bela M.

doi:10.1103/physreve.102.062607

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(2016) and Punter et al. (2020) (§ 7), showing how, for particular choices of material parameters, large isotropic strains can be attained while deviatoric strains remain small at all times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These models apply a linear-elastic constitutive relation (Landau & Lifshitz 1986) for this effective stress tensor and describe the dynamics of the hydrogel swelling and drying using Darcy's law to govern the interstitial flow. Though this captures the characteristic of hydrogels as poroelastic media through which water can flow (Punter et al 2020), such descriptions do not adequately explain the large-swelling behaviour seen in super-absorbent hydrogels. Linear-elastic theories require linearisation with respect to small strains relative to some pre-ordained reference state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Though this captures the characteristic of hydrogels as poroelastic media through which water can flow (Punter et al. 2020), such descriptions do not adequately explain the large-swelling behaviour seen in super-absorbent hydrogels. Linear-elastic theories require linearisation with respect to small strains relative to some pre-ordained reference state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogels are an important class of materials composed of a hydrophilic polymer scaffold surrounded by adsorbed water molecules. The interstitial water is nevertheless free to flow through the matrix formed by the polymer chains, which create a structure that can be treated as a porous medium (Doi 2009;MacMinn, Dufresne & Wettlaufer 2016;Punter, Wyss & Mulder 2020). In recent years, there has been much interest in super-absorbent polymers (SAPs), which can swell to several hundred times their dry volume when placed in water (Bertrand et al 2016), owing to the extremely hydrophilic nature of the polymer constituting the scaffold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2016; Punter et al. 2020). For example, if we assume a Newtonian rheology for the water in the interstices of the porous gel, the viscous term in is equal to , with the rate-of-strain tensor, which scales like , for a timescale for deformation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A linear-elastic-nonlinear-swelling theory for hydrogels. Part 1. Modelling of super-absorbent gels

Webber

Worster

2023

J. Fluid Mech.

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We introduce a new approach for modelling the swelling, drying and elastic behaviour of hydrogels, which leverages the tractability of classical linear-elastic theory whilst incorporating nonlinearities arising from large swelling strains. Relative to a reference state of a fully swollen gel, in which the polymer scaffold may only comprise less than $1\,\%$ of the total volume, a constitutive model for the Cauchy stress tensor is presented, which linearises around small deviatoric strains corresponding to shearing deformations of the material whilst allowing for a nonlinear relation between stress and isotropic strains. Such isotropic strains are considered only to be a consequence of losses and gains of water, while the hydrogel is taken to be instantaneously incompressible. The dynamics governing swelling and drying are described by coupling the interstitial flow of the water through the porous gel with the elastic response of the gel. This approach allows for a complete description of gel behaviour using only three macroscopic polymer-fraction-dependent parameters: an osmotic modulus, a shear modulus and a permeability. It is shown how these three material parameters can, in principle, be determined experimentally using a simple rheometry experiment in which a gel is compressed between two plates surrounded by water and the total force on the top plate is measured. To illustrate our approach, we solve for the swelling of a gel under horizontal confinement and for a partially dried hydrogel bead placed in water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A linear-elastic-nonlinear-swelling theory for hydrogels. Part 1. Modelling of super-absorbent gels

Webber

Worster

2023

J. Fluid Mech.

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4D Bioprinting via Molecular Network Contraction for Membranous Tissue Fabrication

McLoughlin

McKenna

Fisher

2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Generation of thin membranous tissues (TMT), such as the cornea, epidermis, and periosteum, presents a difficult fabrication challenge in tissue engineering (TE). TMTs consist of several cell layers that are less than 100 µm in thickness per layer. While traditional methods provide the necessary resolution for TMT fabrication, they require significant handling and incorporation of several layers is limited. Extrusion bioprinting offers precise control over deposition of different biomaterials and cell populations within the same construct but lacks the resolution to generate biomimetic TMTs. For the first time, a 4D bioprinting strategy that allows for the generation of cell‐laden TMTs is developed. Anionic gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels are treated with cationic poly‐l‐lysine (PLL), which induces charge attraction, microscale network collapse, and macroscale hydrogel shrinking. The impact of shrinking on hydrogel properties, print resolution, and cell viability is presented. Additionally, this work suggests that a novel mechanism is occurring, where PLL exhibits a contractile force on GelMA and PLL molecular weight drives GelMA shrinking capabilities. Finally, it is shown that this phenomenon can occur while maintaining an encapsulated cell population. These findings address a critical barrier by generating macroscale tissue structures with their microscale TMT counterparts in the same print.

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Theory of expansion and compression of polymeric materials: Implications for membrane solvent flow under compaction

Fan,

Elimelech,

Biesheuvel

2024

Journal of Membrane Science

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Compression and swelling of hydrogels in polymer solutions: A dominant-mode model

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

A linear-elastic-nonlinear-swelling theory for hydrogels. Part 1. Modelling of super-absorbent gels

A linear-elastic-nonlinear-swelling theory for hydrogels. Part 1. Modelling of super-absorbent gels

4D Bioprinting via Molecular Network Contraction for Membranous Tissue Fabrication

Theory of expansion and compression of polymeric materials: Implications for membrane solvent flow under compaction

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