Comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography‐based quali‐quantitative screening of aqueous phases from pyrolysis bio‐oils

Abstract

Pyrolysis processes are an alternative to minimize the environmental problem associated to agrifood industrial wastes. The main product resulting from these processes is a highvalue liquid product, called bio-oil. Recently, the use of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) has been demonstrated as a useful tool to improve the characterization of the water-soluble phases of bio-oils, considering their complexity and high water content. However, the precise composition of bio-oils from different agrifood byproducts is still unknown. In the present study, the qualitative and quantitative screening of eight aqueous phases from different biomasses, not yet reported in the literature, using LC × LC is presented. The two-dimensional approach was based on the use of two reverse phase separations. An amide column in the first dimension together with a C18 column in the second dimension were employed. Thanks to the use of diode array and mass spectrometry detection, 28 compounds were identified and quantified in the aqueous phase samples with good figures of merit. Samples showed a distinct quali-quantitative composition and a great predominance of compounds belonging to aldehydes, ketones and phenols, most of them with high polarity.

Characterization of Heavy Products from Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis by Chromatography and Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry: A Review

“…used an amide and a C18 column, in the first and second dimensions, respectively, for the screening of eight aqueous phases. The samples were obtained from pyrolysis bio-oils of eight different agri-food wastes . An orthogonality degree up to 76% was reached within the RPLC × RPLC analysis, and 28 compounds were identified and quantified thanks to the diode array and MS detections.…”

“…The samples were obtained from pyrolysis bio-oils of eight different agri-food wastes. 144 An orthogonality degree up to 76% was reached within the RPLC × RPLC analysis, and 28 compounds were identified and quantified thanks to the diode array and MS detections. Among these compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and phenols were evidenced.…”

Strategies to circumvent the solvent strength mismatch problem in online comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography

“…The first peak is approximately not retained (marked by an asterisk) while the second one is eluted at the expected retention time. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that a significant part of the sample (diluted in a strong solvent) travels through the column without much interaction with the stationary Increasing 2 C F HIC × RPLC Antibody-drug conjugates [16,17] IEC × RPLC Proteins [64] IEC × RPLC Wine and Chinese medicine [65] IEC × RPLC Monoclonal antibody digests [66] IEC × RPLC Monoclonal antibodies [67,68] Aqueous-SEC × RPLC Peptides [69] RPLC × RPLC Peptides [8] Decreasing column id ratio HILIC × RPLC Fatty alcohol derivatives [70] HILIC × RPLC Phenolics [71][72][73][74] HILIC × RPLC Procyanidins Large loop volume [27] HILIC × RPLC Phenolic and flavonoids [75] HILIC × RPLC Phlorotannins [23,76] HILIC × RPLC Surfactants [77] HILIC × RPLC Liquorice metabolites [24] HILIC × RPLC Red wine sample [78] HILIC × RPLC Liquorice metabolites Large loop volume [28] HILIC × RPLC Lipids [79] HILIC × RPLC Oligosaccharides Large loop volume [80] RPLC × HILIC Peptides [25] Silver ion LC × RPLC Triacylglycerides [81] RPLC × RPLC Biomass by-product standards [29] RPLC × RPLC Bio-oil extract [26,82,83] RPLC × RPLC Phenolics [73,84] RPLC × RPLC Hop cone and pellet extracts [85] RPLC × RPLC Proteins [86] RPLC × RPLC Plant metabolites [87] LC × organic-SEC Polymers [88] RPLC × SFC Bio-oil extract …”

In silico screening of off‐line comprehensive two‐dimensional counter‐current chromatography with liquid chromatography for four saponins isolation

“…Given the circumstances, a growing interest in employing 2D preparative separation to obtain some rare components of interest from a highly complex matrix and to isolate compounds with similar chemical structures from each other has been demonstrated by many papers [1][2][3][4]. 2D-LC is the most commonly used preparative multidimensional method, and abundant applications have been investigated in both heart-cutting and comprehensive modes [5][6][7][8]. Although with the great peak capacity, 2D-LC remains some issues such as solvents incompatibility and limited loading capacity resulting in the non-linear adsorption isotherms on solid stationary phase [9].…”

“…2D‐LC is the most commonly used preparative multi‐dimensional method, and abundant applications have been investigated in both heart‐cutting and comprehensive modes [5–8]. Although with the great peak capacity, 2D‐LC remains some issues such as solvents incompatibility and limited loading capacity resulting in the non‐linear adsorption isotherms on solid stationary phase [9].…”