Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the analysis of Fischer–Tropsch oil products

Westhuizen, Rina van der; Crous, Renier; Villiers, André de; Sandra, Pat

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.099

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Both apolar × polar and polar × non-polar column combinations have been used with success in GC×GC, with the optimal configuration depending on the compounds of interest [8,27]. Both types of column sets were therefore evaluated as a first step in method development for honeybush tea volatiles.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatiles by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a single-stage thermal modulator

et al. 2017

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The applicability of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) using a single-stage thermal modulator was explored for the analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatile compounds. Headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) was used in combination with GC×GC separation on a non-polar × polar column set with flame ionisation (FID) detection for the analysis of fermented Cyclopia maculata, Cyclopia subternata and Cyclopia genistoides tea infusions of a single harvest season. Method optimisation entailed evaluation of the effects of several experimental parameters on the performance of the modulator, the choice of columns in both dimensions, as well as the HS-SPME extraction fibre. Eighty-four volatile compounds were identified by co-injection of reference standards. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clear differentiation between the species based on their volatile profiles. Due to the highly reproducible separations obtained using the single-stage thermal modulator, multivariate data analysis was simplified. The results demonstrate both the complexity of honeybush volatile profiles and the potential of GC×GC separation in combination with suitable data analysis techniques for the investigation of the relationship between sensory properties and volatile composition of these products. The developed method therefore offers a fast and inexpensive methodology for the profiling of honeybush tea volatiles. Graphical abstract Surface plot obtained for the GC×GC-FID analysis of honeybush tea volatiles.

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Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatiles by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a single-stage thermal modulator

et al. 2017

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“…However, this concept is not properly applicable to saturated hydrocarbons, as steric effects dominate polarity. In fact, as shown by Vendeuvre et al (2004), van der Westhuizen et al (2010van der Westhuizen et al ( , 2011 and Biedermann et al (2014), the reverse configuration is preferable for the analysis of the MOSH, i.e. a first separation on a polar stationary phase and a second on a non-polar one.…”

Section: Selectivity Of the Gcxgc System Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and toxicity of mineral oil hydrocarbons in rats ‐ specificity of different subclasses of a broad mixture relevant for human dietary exposures

Cravedi¹,

Grob²,

Nygaard

et al. 2017

EFSA Supporting Publications

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the fate and effects of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in female Fischer 344 rats. Animals were fed control diet or diet containing various MOSH mixtures at concentrations ranging from 40 to 4000 mg/kg feed for up to 120 days. MOSH were analysed in liver, spleen, adipose tissue and remaining carcass at different sampling times. In addition to clinical effects, liver microgranulomas, hepatic inflammation, and disruption of the immune function were the main toxicological endpoints investigated. Arthritis symptoms were specifically studied in dark agouti rats. The results indicate that accumulation of MOSH depends on the mixture tested but always occurred predominantly in the liver and to a lesser extent in adipose tissue and spleen. Strong differences exist between liver and adipose tissue in terms of accumulated hydrocarbons: whereas in adipose tissue the accumulated fraction corresponds to the most volatile part of the administered mixture, in the liver, the most volatile as well as the highest boiling part of the mixture are almost absent. Also the types of hydrocarbons differ. When exposure ceases, a significant decrease of MOSH concentration was observed in the liver, but not in adipose tissue. MOSH exposure results in a significant increase in absolute and relative liver weights, the effect being dose-related, but also dependent on the mixture tested. There were large differences in the ability of the different mixtures to induce liver granulomas. The highest incidence was observed with the mixture containing the highest proportion of n-alkanes, suggesting that this fraction could play a significant role in the development of hepatic granulomas. No effects were found on the immune function, irrespective of the mixture or the dose tested.

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“…A programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) injector (Gerstel, Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany) was used on this system. In previous studies the advantages of a polar × non-polar column set (in contrast to the more common non-polar × polar column set) for the analysis of Fischer-Tropsch oil products were described [16,17] …”

Section: Gc×gc Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another advantage of GC×GC is the increase in sensitivity (up to 10 fold) compared to 1D GC because of the re-concentration of peaks in the modulator and the very fast separation achieved in the second dimension column that minimizes peak broadening and effectively increases the signal-to-noise ratio [11,12]. The application of GC×GC to the analysis of highly complex petrochemical mixtures has been described by a number of authors [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Even with the huge increase in separation power obtained by comprehensive GC, peak co-elution still occurs when very complex mixtures are analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphenation of supercritical fluid chromatography and two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for group type separations

Potgieter¹,

Westhuizen²,

Rohwer³

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography A

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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the analysis of Fischer–Tropsch oil products

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatiles by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a single-stage thermal modulator

Analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatiles by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a single-stage thermal modulator

Bioaccumulation and toxicity of mineral oil hydrocarbons in rats ‐ specificity of different subclasses of a broad mixture relevant for human dietary exposures

Hyphenation of supercritical fluid chromatography and two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for group type separations

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