Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography as a Bioanalytical Platform for Drug Discovery and Analysis

Abstract

Over the last decades, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) has emerged as a significant separation tool for high-resolution analysis of disease-associated metabolites and pharmaceutically relevant molecules. This review highlights recent advances of GC×GC with different detection modalities for drug discovery and analysis, which ideally improve the screening and identification of disease biomarkers, as well as monitoring of therapeutic responses to treatment in complex biological matrixes. Selected recent GC×GC applications that focus on such biomarkers and metabolite profiling of the effects of drug administration are covered. In particular, the technical overview of recent GC×GC implementation with hyphenation to the key mass spectrometry (MS) technologies that provide the benefit of enhanced separation dimension analysis with MS domain differentiation is discussed. We conclude by highlighting the challenges in GC×GC for drug discovery and development with perspectives on future trends.

A Classification Algorithm Inspired by the Chromatographic Separation Mechanism Dedicated to the Classification of Variable-length and Multi-class Vectors

“…Another possible solution to the problem of classifying complex chromatograms is the implementation of mechanisms that occur in a different type of chromatography, i.e., affinity chromatography. [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30].…”

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography— A discussion on recent innovations

“…We do not review recent applications of GC × GC. The reader is referred to dedicated reviews, focused on food [12][13][14], drug discovery [15], environmental [16], petrochemistry [17,18], and health [19,20].…”