Comprehensive test of tabia at the Humen Fort sites in Guangdong, China

Wang, Xinxin; Zhang, Cuisong; Zhang, Bingjian; Hu, Yulan; Wan, Juan; Zhang, JianXiong

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2021.03.005

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It was found to play an important role in the building of ancient city walls, tombs and water conservancy facilities (Chen, 1993; Yuan et al, 2010; C. Zhang et al, 2020). Tung oil, glutinous rice, animal blood, brown sugar, egg white or other organic substances with a certain viscosity were usually added to improve the properties of tabia mortar in ancient China (Peng et al, 2010; X. Wang et al, 2021; Y. Zheng et al, 2016). Although not readily detected, a small amount of organic media such as sticky rice soup might have been used, as a common additive in preparing tabia mortars in the Ming dynasty (Huo, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al, 2020). Tung oil, glutinous rice, animal blood, brown sugar, egg white or other organic substances with a certain viscosity were usually added to improve the properties of tabia mortar in ancient China (Peng et al, 2010;X. Wang et al, 2021;Y.…”

Section: Design and Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lime mortars have played an important role in ancient Chinese building structures. They were found to be used as binding materials between bricks on city walls (Liu, Ma, & Zhang, 2016; Wei et al, 2020; Xiao et al, 2014), surface plasters (Ma et al, 2018) and bedding mortars (X. Wang et al, 2021), etc. Built with lime, many historic building structures have survived until the present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Built with lime, many historic building structures have survived until the present. Different lime mortars were found in ancient China, including almost pure lime as masonry mortars or surface plasters for ground and wall (B. Li et al, 2013; Liu, Cui, & Zhang, 2016b; Qi et al, 2022; Wei et al, 2015), mortars made of lime and sand for city walls or rammed base for palaces (Liu et al, 2015; Liu, Yang, & Zhang, 2016), mortars made of lime and clay as tomb plasters or coffin sealing materials (B. Li et al, 2013; L. Zheng et al, 2014) and tabia mortars made of lime, soil and sand to build the base of ground or forts (Chen, 1993; Miao et al, 1981; X. Wang et al, 2021; Yuan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li et al, 2013;L. Zheng et al, 2014) and tabia mortars made of lime, soil and sand to build the base of ground or forts (Chen, 1993;Miao et al, 1981;X. Wang et al, 2021;Yuan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of archaeological lime mortars in a Ming dynasty tomb: A multi‐analytical approach

et al. 2023

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Lime mortars have played an important role in constructing ancient Chinese masonry structures, including city walls, buildings, and tombs. A tomb built with lime mortars and stones belonging a Ming high-ranking official, Xu Jie, was discovered in Huzhou City of China. Eight different samples from Xu Jie's tomb, representing four types of lime-mortar-based materials: joint mortar between stone bricks, bedding mortar, grouting mortar, and plaster mortars were collected for analysis and comparison. The characterization of the construction materials has therefore become of primary importance. The function of each mortar was reported and studies into the micro-textural features and mineralogical compositions of those mortars were performed via a multi-analytical approach. The joint mortars were all found to be aerial lime mortars with predominately lime. The bedding mortar was found to consist of lime, soil and sand, typical of a tabia mortar. The grouting mortar was found to consist of lime and ground contact metamorphosed limestone. Analysis of plaster sample taken from the roof of the main tomb identified the presence of calcium stearate/palmitate, indicating the usage of plant-based tung oil as an additive. The analytical results will promote our understanding of Ming architectural technology and craftsmanship, and provide critical information for the conservation of Xu Jie's tomb.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design and Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li et al, 2013;L. Zheng et al, 2014) and tabia mortars made of lime, soil and sand to build the base of ground or forts (Chen, 1993;Miao et al, 1981;X. Wang et al, 2021;Yuan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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