Comprehensive Study of Strains Previously Designated
 Streptococcus bovis
 Consecutively Isolated from Human Blood Cultures and Emended Description of
 Streptococcus gallolyticus
 and
 Streptococcus infantarius
 subsp.
 coli

Beck, Marcella; Frodl, Reinhard; Funke, Guido

doi:10.1128/jcm.00078-08

Cited by 121 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Molecular genetic investigations. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed according to a published protocol (3). Almost complete (Ͼ1,400-bp) 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined for each clinical strain by aligning multiple overlapping sequences by use of the Lasergene 5 package (DNAStar Inc., Madison, WI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identities of Microbacterium spp. Encountered in Human Clinical Specimens

2008

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In the present study, 50 strains of yellow-pigmented gram-positive rods that had been isolated from human clinical specimens and collected over a 5-year period were further characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. All 50 strains belonged to the genus Microbacterium, and together they represented 18 different species. Microbacterium oxydans (n ‫؍‬ 11), M. paraoxydans (n ‫؍‬ 9), and M. foliorum (n ‫؍‬ 7) represented more than half of the strains included in the present study. The isolation of strains belonging to M. hydrocarbonoxydans (n ‫؍‬ 2), M. esteraromaticum (n ‫؍‬ 1), M. oleivorans (n ‫؍‬ 1), M. phyllosphaerae (n ‫؍‬ 1), and M. thalassium (n ‫؍‬ 1) from humans is reported for the first time. Microbacterium sp. strain VKM Ac-1389 (n ‫؍‬ 1) and the previously uncultured Microbacterium sp. clone YJQ-29 (n ‫؍‬ 1) probably represent new species. Comprehensive antimicrobial susceptibility data are given for the 50 Microbacterium isolates. This study is, so far, the largest on Microbacterium spp. encountered in human clinical specimens and outlines the heterogeneity of clinical Microbacterium strains.Among the coryneform bacteria, the phenotypically and phylogenetically closely related genera Microbacterium and Aureobacterium have been united in the redefined genus Microbacterium (20). At present, the genus Microbacterium comprises 55 species (www.bacterio.cict.fr/m/microbacterium.html), all of which exhibit more or less yellow-pigmented gram-positive rods. Despite this large number of species, only in the mid1990s was the presence of microbacteria in human clinical specimens recognized (7,8,11). Since then, only eight other reports on microbacteria have appeared in the relevant clinical microbiology literature (1, 2, 9, 12-16). The aim of the present study was to reveal the distribution of individual Microbacterium species in human clinical specimens by applying phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. Because no comprehensive data on the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Microbacterium spp. were available, we also determined the MICs of 10 antimicrobial agents against all 50 strains included in the present study. We observed that three species, namely, Microbacterium oxydans, M. paraoxydans, and M. foliorum, accounted for more than 50% of all strains included in the present study, but overall, 18 different taxa were encountered, indicating the heterogeneity of microbacteria isolated from clinical specimens.(This paper is part of the medical doctoral thesis of K. Gneiding at the medical faculty of the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.) MATERIALS AND METHODSStrains. During a 5-year period, the 50 strains investigated in the present study were isolated in the routine clinical microbiology laboratories of Gärtner & Colleagues Laboratories, Ravensburg, Germany, or referred to the reference laboratory for coryneform bacteria at this institution by collaborating laboratories. None of the isolates had been included in any of our previous studies (7-9, 11). None of the patients were epidemiologic...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identities of Microbacterium spp. Encountered in Human Clinical Specimens

2008

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“…[7] S. gallolyticus endocarditis is a classical, but less common cause of IE, even though it is rising in incidence in the re-cent years. More common causative pathogens remain to be Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcal viridans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An uncommon manifestation of Streptococcus gallolyticus infective endocarditis with cerebral septic emboli

Lim

Chong

Chen

et al. 2017

CRIM

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Infective endocarditis (IE) can often present with neurological manifestations, due to embolization from valvular vegetation, but the presentation is often variable and unpredictable. Septic emboli to both occipital lobes supplied by the posterior cerebral arteries, resulting in visual disturbances are also an uncommon presentation of IE reported in the literature. While S. gallolyticus is a classical cause of IE, it is less common and usually occurs in a less suspecting group of patients with no predisposing cardiac conditions. We report the case of a 48-year-old man, who presented with predominant complaints of blurring of vision and temporal headache, without any other infective symptoms. The procalcitonin level was also normal even in the setting of bacteremia with septic embolism. The initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multifocal enhancing lesions in cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brainstem, with leptomeningeal enhancement. Transesophageal echocardiography and blood cultures subsequently confirmed diagnosis of S. gallolyticus IE of the mitral valve. The patient was treated with antibiotics upon diagnosis of IE. However, he developed intracranial hemorrhage secondary to mycotic aneurysms, and partial seizures. He eventually succumbed to the intracranial hemorrhage. This case serves to highlight that neurological manifestations can precede symptoms or signs of IE and the presentation are often variable. A high degree of clinical suspicion is needed to suspect neurological manifestations of IE, especially in patients without risk factors.

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“…In the last 10 years, biochemical tests have further differentiated biotypes I and II into distinct subspecies, and new species nomenclature has replaced the old biotype classification (11). The three species formerly known as S. bovis biotype II.2, S. waius, and S. macedonicus were grouped into one DNA cluster but show limited DNA-DNA relatedness and sufficient divergence in their 16S rRNA genes sequences to be separable (5,12,13). Reclassified as S. gallolyticus subsp.…”

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Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus Infection in Twin Infants

et al. 2015

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Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, previously known as Streptococcus bovis biotype II.2, is an uncommon pathogen in neonates. Nevertheless, it can cause severe neonatal sepsis and meningitis often clinically indistinguishable from those caused by group B streptococci and has been associated with considerable morbidity. We report the first known cases of S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus infection in twin infants. CASE REPORTST win B, a 3-week-old diamniotic, dichorionic twin male at Texas Children's Hospital Pavilion for Women, had a 1-day history of pale color, lethargy, poor feeding, and increased irritability. He was born at 32 weeks of gestation, weighing 2,120 g, to a 26-year-old primigravida mother via Cesarean section because of severe preeclampsia. The mother had an unknown group B streptococcal (GBS) status and did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis during delivery. Immediately following his birth, the patient developed respiratory distress requiring intubation and surfactant. He was transported to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for further management and continued to improve in the NICU until day of life (DOL) 24, when he was found to have pale color, loose stool, respiratory distress, and hypoxemia. Within the next few hours, he also experienced mild hypothermia. A full sepsis workup was initiated, and empirical parenteral vancomycin (15 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h), gentamicin (4 mg/kg every 24 h), and ceftazidime (40 mg/kg every 8 h) were initiated. Approximately 6 h after the onset of his symptoms, the child developed acute respiratory failure, requiring intubation, and refractory hypotension, requiring dopamine infusion. Two hours later, he developed new-onset seizures that progressed to epilepticus status. The chest radiograph revealed coarse markings within the lungs, with superimposed mild volume loss in the right upper lobe.Initial laboratory studies are presented in Table 1. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) differential was not available. Degenerated inflammatory cells, including monocytes and neutrophils, were reported. The CSF Gram stain revealed Gram-positive cocci in clusters, with many WBCs. (The initial Gram stain from the original specimen was reported as "in clusters," likely due to the appearance of very small clusters [1 to 3 cocci] along with pairs.) However, when the Gram staining was performed from colonies on solid media, Gram-positive cocci in pairs were found, consistent with what occurs with Streptococcus species.The peripheral, aerobic blood culture was positive for Grampositive cocci in pairs and chains at 8 h in the VersaTREK microbial detection system (TREK Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH). The initial CSF culture for twin B revealed abundant gammahemolytic streptococci, not enterococci, identified as Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus with 99% probability and excellent identification (confidence level) by the GP identification card on the Vitek 2 platform (software version 4.01; bioMérieux, USA). The urine cul...

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Comprehensive Study of Strains Previously Designated Streptococcus bovis Consecutively Isolated from Human Blood Cultures and Emended Description of Streptococcus gallolyticus and Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli

Cited by 121 publications

References 18 publications

Identities of Microbacterium spp. Encountered in Human Clinical Specimens

Identities of Microbacterium spp. Encountered in Human Clinical Specimens

An uncommon manifestation of Streptococcus gallolyticus infective endocarditis with cerebral septic emboli

Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus Infection in Twin Infants

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