Comprehensive Studies of Different Cancer Diseases among Less-Developed Countries

Abstract

Recently, the rate of cancer deaths in less-developed countries such as Bangladesh has significantly increased day by day, making it a major health issue. The most predominant types of cancers among the populations of less-developed countries (especially Bangladesh) are lung, throat, colon, gastric, ovarian, breast, and skin cancers. The mortality rate is increasing for both males and females. The main common factors are smoking, use of tobacco leaves, bacterial or viral infection, hereditary disorders, food adulterations, and environmental factors, which are highly responsible for the development of carcinoma in the young to adult population in this region. Raising consciousness among people regarding early diagnosis, decreasing the use of chemicals such as formalin for food preservation, and reducing environmental pollution such as arsenic as well as air pollution might help to reduce the number of deaths. Education and public campaigns can also reduce the intensity of cancer occurrence. Breast, esophagus, and cervical cancer are common diseases in less-developed countries such as Bangladesh.

Pharmacophore-Model-Based Virtual-Screening Approaches Identified Novel Natural Molecular Candidates for Treating Human Neuroblastoma

“…Every year, more people die from cancer than other chronic diseases, such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis combined. In 2020, the death rate was close to 55%, compared to nearly 25% in 1960 [ 31 ]. Several genes are typically involved in carcinoma development through the deregulation of cellular growth, nucleic acid repair, chromosome instability, cell interaction and communication, angiogenesis, and changes in the apoptotic pathway [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Pharmacophore-based virtual screening approaches to identify novel molecular candidates against EGFR through comprehensive computational approaches and in-vitro studies

“…The compounds were selected based on the docking score and the toxicity class. Current third-generation inhibitors, osimertinib, belong to class 3 (LD 50 :100 mg/kg) with active immunotoxicity, and first-generation gefitinib belongs to class 5 (LD 50 :2935 mg/kg); both are being widely used as TK inhibitors in Asia ( Rahman et al, 2022 ). These drugs also have hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity and are active in binding aryl hydrocarbon receptors.…”

“…The EGFR family consists of four different subgroups: erbB1, erbB2, erbB3, and erbB4 ( Bethune et al, 2010 ). Mutation in this group of genes shows the development of several cancers in humans, such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and ovarian cancer ( Krasinskas 2011 ; Rahman et al, 2022 ). The most common cancer is non-small-cell lung cancer caused by mutation of EGFR in exon 19 and L858R positions ( Yan et al, 2020 ).…”

Geographical Variation of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Single Center Study from Saudi Arabia

“…There is no published data about the incidence of APL from either of the two countries; however chemical exposure and dietary factors had been reported from Bangladesh as a possible underlying cause of cancer [14,15]. A study on commonest cancer in Yemen, showed leukemia was the highest in males and it came next to breast cancer in females (no mention of the type of leukemia whether acute, chronic, myeloid, or lymphoid) [16].…”