Comprehensive Spray Characteristics of Water in Port Fuel Injection Injector

Park, Jeonghyun; Lee, Kyunghwan; Park, Suhan

doi:10.3390/en13020396

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Benefits from the water injection use were also presented by refs. [30,[53][54][55][56][57]. Therefore, the amount of water injected was established in order to place the MFB50% (mass fraction burned) at 8.0 • CA.…”

Section: The 1d Numerical Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development Procedure for Performance Estimation and Main Dimensions Calculation of a Highly-Boosted Ethanol Engine with Water Injection

et al. 2022

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The management of the global energy resources has stimulated the emergence of various agreements in favor of the environment. Among the most famous are the Conference of Parties (COP) and Route 2030, which aim to limit global warming to 1.5 °C by reducing the energy consumption and global emission levels. In order to comply with the international standards for energy consumption and pollutant emissions, the Brazilian government has been promoting the expansion of biofuels in the national energy matrix. Considering this scenario, the development of a novel internal combustion engine for the exclusive use of ethanol as a fuel, equipped with state-of-the-art technologies and employing modern design concepts, consists of an innovative and promising pathway for future Brazilian mobility, from both environmental and technological outlooks. In this sense, this work presents a method to determine the main engine dimensions as part of the initial process for a new ethanol prototype engine development. The Brazilian biofuel was selected due to its physicochemical properties, which allow the engine to achieve higher loads, and also due to its large availability as a renewable energy source in the country. Furthermore, a port water injection system was fitted to the engine in order to assist the combustion process by mitigating the knock tendency. The predicted overall engine performance was obtained by carrying out a GT-PowerTM 1D-CFD simulation, whose results pointed to a maximum torque of 279 Nm from 2000 to 4000 rpm and an indicated peak power of 135 kW at 5500 rpm. With a maximum water-to-fuel ratio of 19.2%, the engine was able to perform its entire full load curve at the MBT condition, a fact that makes the WI approach along with the ethanol fuel a very attractive solution. As a result of the specific design and optimization of each geometric parameter for this unique ethanol engine, a maximum indicated fuel conversion efficiency of 45.3% was achieved. Moreover, the engine was capable of achieving over 40% of the indicated fuel conversion efficiency in almost its entire full load curve.

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Section: The 1d Numerical Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development Procedure for Performance Estimation and Main Dimensions Calculation of a Highly-Boosted Ethanol Engine with Water Injection

et al. 2022

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“…Altaher et al observed that the higher air velocity inside the turbine chamber caused smaller SMDs, which improved the mixing and atomizing of fuel injection [22]. Other interesting works including SMD analysis were realized by Park et al [23] and Zhou et al [24]. Valuable research work on spraying and mixture formation with the aid of optical measurement instrumentation was presented by Tzanetakis et al [25] and Park et al [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Injection of Pyrolysis Oil from Plastics and Gasoline into the Engine Cylinder and Atomization by a Direct High-Pressure Injector

et al. 2022

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The article discusses the results of experimental studies on the course of pyrolysis oil injection through the high-pressure injector of a direct-injection engine. The pyrolysis oil used for the tests was derived from waste plastics (mainly high-density polyethylene—HDPE). This oil was then distilled. The article also describes the production technology of this pyrolysis oil on a laboratory scale. It presents the results of the chemical composition of the raw pyrolysis oil and the oil after the distillation process using GC-MS analysis. Fuel injection tests were carried out for the distilled pyrolysis oil and a 91 RON gasoline in order to perform a comparative analysis with the tested pyrolysis oil. In this case, the research was focused on the injected spray cloud analysis. The essential tested parameter was the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of fuel droplets measured at the injection pressure of 400 bar. The analysis showed that the oil after distillation contained a significant proportion of light hydrocarbons similar to gasoline, and that the SMDs for distilled pyrolysis oil and gasoline were similar in the 7–9 µm range. In conclusion, it can be considered that distilled pyrolysis oil from HDPE can be used both as an additive for blending with gasoline in a spark-ignition engine or as a single fuel for a gasoline compression-ignition direct injection engine.

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“…It is also an important property of the new synthesized surfactants that are applied during the fuel processing [6,7]. Moreover, surface tension impacts on the hydraulic characteristics of transporting equipment [8]. Since clouds contain extremely small the water drops and ice particles, the surface effects should be taken into consideration [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Latest Method for Surface Tension Determination: Experimental Validation

Teleszewski

Gajewski

2020

Energies

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The highest effectiveness of heat exchange is under boiling; hence, surface tension is an important parameter and should be determined when new liquid substances are created. The most popular methods are based on numerically solving the Young–Laplace equation by applying the Bashforth and Adams algorithm, which fails at the poles and at the inflection points. The newest algorithm is based on the closed-form expressions that define a drop or bubble. It gives the accurate solutions for the fully created drops or bubbles. To validate it, the surface tension value is determined for the air bubbles in water and compared with the reference data. Because the relative discrepancies are extremely small, the new method may be thought of as positively validated.

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Comprehensive Spray Characteristics of Water in Port Fuel Injection Injector

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Development Procedure for Performance Estimation and Main Dimensions Calculation of a Highly-Boosted Ethanol Engine with Water Injection

Development Procedure for Performance Estimation and Main Dimensions Calculation of a Highly-Boosted Ethanol Engine with Water Injection

Comparative Analysis of Injection of Pyrolysis Oil from Plastics and Gasoline into the Engine Cylinder and Atomization by a Direct High-Pressure Injector

The Latest Method for Surface Tension Determination: Experimental Validation

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