“…Generally, solar‐to‐hydrogen still encounters various challenges because of its cost‐effectiveness and intermittency. Furthermore, relatively low efficiency of solar systems is another barrier facing solar hydrogen production …”
Section: Solar Hydrogen Energy Carriermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, relatively low efficiency of solar systems is another barrier facing solar hydrogen production. 44…”
Summary
Solar energy is going to play a crucial role in the future energy scenario of the world that conducts interests to solar‐to‐hydrogen as a means of achieving a clean energy carrier. Hydrogen is a sustainable energy carrier, capable of substituting fossil fuels and decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission to save the world from global warming. Hydrogen production from ubiquitous sustainable solar energy and an abundantly available water is an environmentally friendly solution for globally increasing energy demands and ensures long‐term energy security. Among various solar hydrogen production routes, this study concentrates on solar thermolysis, solar thermal hydrogen via electrolysis, thermochemical water splitting, fossil fuels decarbonization, and photovoltaic‐based hydrogen production with special focus on the concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system. Energy management and thermodynamic analysis of CPV‐based hydrogen production as the near‐term sustainable option are developed. The capability of three electrolysis systems including alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, and solid oxide electrolysis for coupling to solar systems for H2 production is discussed. Since the cost of solar hydrogen has a very large range because of the various employed technologies, the challenges, pros and cons of the different methods, and the commercialization processes are also noticed. Among three electrolysis technologies considered for postulated solar hydrogen economy, AWE is found the most mature to integrate with the CPV system. Although substantial progresses have been made in solar hydrogen production technologies, the review indicates that these systems require further maturation to emulate the produced grid‐based hydrogen.
“…Generally, solar‐to‐hydrogen still encounters various challenges because of its cost‐effectiveness and intermittency. Furthermore, relatively low efficiency of solar systems is another barrier facing solar hydrogen production …”
Section: Solar Hydrogen Energy Carriermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, relatively low efficiency of solar systems is another barrier facing solar hydrogen production. 44…”
Summary
Solar energy is going to play a crucial role in the future energy scenario of the world that conducts interests to solar‐to‐hydrogen as a means of achieving a clean energy carrier. Hydrogen is a sustainable energy carrier, capable of substituting fossil fuels and decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission to save the world from global warming. Hydrogen production from ubiquitous sustainable solar energy and an abundantly available water is an environmentally friendly solution for globally increasing energy demands and ensures long‐term energy security. Among various solar hydrogen production routes, this study concentrates on solar thermolysis, solar thermal hydrogen via electrolysis, thermochemical water splitting, fossil fuels decarbonization, and photovoltaic‐based hydrogen production with special focus on the concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system. Energy management and thermodynamic analysis of CPV‐based hydrogen production as the near‐term sustainable option are developed. The capability of three electrolysis systems including alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, and solid oxide electrolysis for coupling to solar systems for H2 production is discussed. Since the cost of solar hydrogen has a very large range because of the various employed technologies, the challenges, pros and cons of the different methods, and the commercialization processes are also noticed. Among three electrolysis technologies considered for postulated solar hydrogen economy, AWE is found the most mature to integrate with the CPV system. Although substantial progresses have been made in solar hydrogen production technologies, the review indicates that these systems require further maturation to emulate the produced grid‐based hydrogen.
“…13,25,26,56,57 The overall cost associated with total hydrogen production relies on production, liquefaction, storage, and distribution costs. 13,25,26,56,57 The overall cost associated with total hydrogen production relies on production, liquefaction, storage, and distribution costs.…”
Section: Hydrogen Production Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…13,[25][26][27] As an illustration, the best and the worst environmental performance belong to thermal and biological choices, respectively. 13,[25][26][27] As an illustration, the best and the worst environmental performance belong to thermal and biological choices, respectively.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…13,[25][26][27] As an illustration, the best and the worst environmental performance belong to thermal and biological choices, respectively. 26 Also, new improvements in PEM water electrolysis containing affordable high-performance OER and HER electrolysis have been reviewed which results in commercially potential hydrogen production. 26 Also, new improvements in PEM water electrolysis containing affordable high-performance OER and HER electrolysis have been reviewed which results in commercially potential hydrogen production.…”
Summary
The major logics resulting in hydrogen production can be mentioned as fossil fuel depletion and climate change. In this way, hydrogen is produced with the help of numerous processes based on traditional and alternative energy resources like coal, natural gas, wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy. Over the past decade, the attention of research institutions and industry has been drawn to hydrogen, inspired by developments in renewable energies. Hydrogen production can be considered as an exceptional choice to make complete utilization of the renewable energy. Among diverse technologies, hydrogen production based on geothermal energy offers great promise. In this paper, initially a concise summary of present and advancing hydrogen production technologies is presented, and secondarily a comprehensive review of research associated with hydrogen production based on geothermal energy is provided. Thirdly, the process descriptions of geothermal‐assisted hydrogen production coupled with its technical, economic, and environmental aspects are addressed. Finally, comparative assessments of costs and environmental aspects related to hydrogen production based on different energy sources have been performed. In accordance with the results, the geothermal‐assisted hydrogen production cost based on electrolysis is competitively lower than other sources like wind, solar thermal coupled with natural gas, solar PV, and grid. Also, the same behavior can be seen for geothermal‐assisted hydrogen production cost based on thermochemical process.
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