Comprehensive Review on Effective Strategies and Key Factors for High Performance Piezoelectric Energy Harvester at Low Frequency

Abstract

In the past decade, there has been rapid development in piezoelectric energy harvester due to its limited application and low output power. This paper critically reviews the strategies implemented to improve the power density for low-frequency applications. These strategies include piezoelectric material selection as well as optimisations of shape, size and structure. The review also focuses on the recent advances in multi-modal, nonlinear and multi-directional energy harvesting. Based on the comprehensive summary of the normalised power density at 1g acceleration, it was found that most works fell in the second quadrant of low frequency and high power density. The maximum value was around 1mW/mm3 /g. Adding an extension of beam or spring to the conventional piezoelectric beam could enhance the normalised power density dramatically. Additionally, the multi-modal energy harvester exhibits broader bandwidth when its multiple resonance peaks get closer. The findings indicate that the anticipated performance of a piezoelectric harvester can be attained by achieving the trade-off between output power and bandwidth. To achieve high performance at low frequency, the following factors are essential: excellent material characteristics optimised geometry for high strain energy density, excellent flexibility, high excitation amplitude and broad bandwidth.

A Robust Generator–Harvester for Independent Sensor Systems

“…where B br is the braking component of the magnetic induction vector, J v denotes the current density vector of the electrically conductive components due to eddy currents, J circ represents the current density vector in the coil winding, i(t) stands for the instantaneous value of the coil electric current, and u x is the unit vector of the coordinate system. Interestingly, in this context, the approaches described in research articles [45,46] can be considered inspiring for further characterization of the modeling procedure. The model described above was compiled using the finite element method (FEM) in ANSYS [47].…”

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: A Systematic Review of Reviews

“…A good review of PEH configurations, such as cantilever beam, discs, cymbals, diaphragms, circular diaphragms, shell-type designs, and ribbon geometries, may be found in [16]. Talib et al [33] explained effective strategies and key factors in enhancing the performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters operating at low frequencies, including the selection of the piezoelectric material; the optimization of the shape, size, and structure; and the development of multi-modal, nonlinear, multi-directional, and hybrid energy harvesting systems. This review paper is suitable for beginners who want to get acquainted with piezoelectric materials and some designs of piezoelectric energy harvesters.…”

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: a Systematic Review of Reviews

“…Talib et al [38] explained effective strategies and the key factors to enhance the performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters operating at low frequencies, including the piezoelectric material selection, optimizations of the shape, size and structure, and development of multi-modal, nonlinear, multi-directional, and hybrid energy harvesting systems. This review paper is suitable for the beginners who want to get acquainted with the piezoelectric materials and some designs of piezoelectric energy harvesters.…”

“…Maamer et al [27] General The excitation form, the operating frequency band, conceiving a non-resonant system, multi-directionality (2D case more retrievable), possibility of integration in MEMS devices, multidirection harvesting, lifespan, welding operation. Talib et al [38] Low-frequencies Performance increment; multi-modal, nonlinear, and multidirectional design; material characteristics; optimized geometry for high strain energy density; flexibility; high excitation amplitude; broad bandwidth. Brenes et al [39] Maximum power Electrical tuning; circuit design; mathematical models; clas-Cook-Chennault et al [44] provided an overview of strategies for powering MEMS via non-regenerative (batteries, microcombustors, turbine, heat engines, micro-fuel cells) and regenerative (solar cells, thermoelectrics, electromagnetics, electrostatics, piezoelectrics) power supplies.…”