Comprehensive Review on Current Interventions, Diagnostics, and Nanotechnology Perspectives against SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically challenged the healthcare system of almost all countries. The authorities are struggling to minimize the mortality along with ameliorating the economic downturn. Unfortunately, until now, there has been no promising medicine or vaccine available. Herein, we deliver perspectives of nanotechnology for increasing the specificity and sensitivity of current interventional platforms toward the urgent need of quickly deployable solutions. This review summarizes the recent involvement of nanotechnology from the development of a biosensor to fabrication of a multifunctional nanohybrid system for respiratory and deadly viruses, along with the recent interventions and current understanding about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

External Quality Assessment for Molecular Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Clinical Laboratories

“…For example, the LOD of cobas SARS-CoV-2 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), approved by the U.S. FDA EUA, is 0.009 TCID 50 /mL ( ORF1ab ) and 0.003 TCID 50 /mL ( E ), and this assay reached a 100% PPA when detecting samples with nucleic acid concentrations of 1.5× and 4× the LOD in clinical evaluation. 15 , 23 The LOD of the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay (Abbott Molecular, Inc., Illinois) was 2.0 log10 copies/mL, and the PPA was 100% when detecting samples with nucleic acid concentrations of 1–2× the LOD in clinical evaluation. 23 In this study, the majority of the assays did not achieve a 95% detection rate for samples with 3.5 and 2.8 log 10 copies/mL, except for the Sansure, BGI, and Daan assays used in clinical practice ( Table 4 ).…”

“… 15 , 23 The LOD of the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay (Abbott Molecular, Inc., Illinois) was 2.0 log10 copies/mL, and the PPA was 100% when detecting samples with nucleic acid concentrations of 1–2× the LOD in clinical evaluation. 23 In this study, the majority of the assays did not achieve a 95% detection rate for samples with 3.5 and 2.8 log 10 copies/mL, except for the Sansure, BGI, and Daan assays used in clinical practice ( Table 4 ). The varying abilities of assays to detect weakly positive samples should be due to the difference in the claimed LODs of these assays.…”

Improving the Cellular Selectivity of a Membrane-Disrupting Antimicrobial Agent by Monomer Control and by Taming

“…Although the world is now focusing on the development of vaccines and therapies to fight SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that is responsible for the current COVD-19 pandemic, the antimicrobial resistance problem (AMR) represents a major world-wide health threat that is looming [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. While substantial resources have been made available to address the COVID-19 pandemic, relatively little investment is being made to combat the antimicrobial resistance problem.…”

Recent advances in nanomaterials based biosensors for point of care (PoC) diagnosis of Covid-19 – A minireview

“…In this phase, the patient suffers from fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Reproduced with permission from reference [ 22 ]. …”