Comprehensive Review of the Design Optimization of Natural Gas Liquefaction Processes: Current Status and Perspectives

Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul; Qadeer, Kinza; Lee, Moonyong

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03630

Cited by 100 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Hence, the sample cylinder was prepared according to the following procedure: (1) Rolling the sample cylinder for at least two hours to re-homogenize the gas mixture. (2) Heating the cylinder at the bottom part for at least 3 h using a heating jacket to obtain vortices inside the sample cylinder for homogenizing the gas. (3) Filling the gas mixture into the well-evacuated system to a pressure of about 0.2 MPa through the evacuated filling line and leaving the sample with a residence time of about two minutes before evacuating the apparatus again.…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

et al. 2021

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Densities of two synthetic biomethane-like mixtures were measured in the homogeneous liquid phase and the supercritical region using a low-temperature single-sinker magnetic-suspension densimeter. Both mixtures consist of methane, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, whereas the second mixture additionally contains carbon dioxide. For the first mixture, four isotherms from (100 to 160) K were studied over the pressure range from (1.5 to 6.6) MPa. The second mixture was investigated along three isotherms from (140 to 180) K at pressures of (2.6 to 9.0) MPa, where only the densities at 180 K are usable due to solidification of the carbon dioxide at the lower temperatures. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the experimental densities was estimated to be in the range of (0.022 to 0.027) % for the first mixture and (0.046 to 0.054) % for the second mixture, respectively. Due to a supercritical liquefaction procedure and the integration of a special VLE-cell, densities in the homogeneous liquid phase could be measured without changing the composition of the liquefied mixture. Moreover, saturated-liquid densities were determined by extrapolation of the experimental single-phase liquid densities to the vapor pressure, which was determined experimentally for the mixture without carbon dioxide and calculated with an equation of state (EOS) for the mixture containing carbon dioxide. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the saturated-liquid densities is less than 0.08 % in most cases. The new experimental results were compared with the GERG-2008 equation of state; the deviations are less than 0.17 %.

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Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

et al. 2021

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“…The total compression power for the WMR loop and the CMR loop has been considered as an objective function in several studies of optimization of LNG processes, 28 as well as particularly for DMR processes 7,8,27 . Therefore, the total required shaft work for compression units was also chosen as an objective function to find an optimal value of the selected operational parameters for the optimal operation of the DMR process.…”

Section: Optimizing Dmr Process: Invasive‐weed Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed colonization‐based performance improvement opportunities in dual‐mixed refrigerant natural gas liquefaction process

Qyyum

Qadeer

Khan

et al. 2020

Energy Science & Engineering

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Dual‐mixed refrigerant (DMR) process is a promising candidate for liquefying the natural gas (LNG) at onshore as well as offshore sites, thanks to its higher liquefaction capacity and flexibility in using full gas turbines. DMR involves two mixed refrigerant cycles to perform precooling and subcooling of natural gas (NG), and these refrigerant compositions need constant tweaking to match the ever‐changing NG cooling curve, as it is obtained from different gas fields. Mismatching of cooling curves often results in suboptimal operation, which ultimately leads to an increase in the overall energy consumption. Thus, this study is aimed at making DMR liquefaction operation close to optimal using the invasive‐weed paradigm. At first, the decision variables for performance improvement were determined using degrees of freedom analysis then through invasive‐weed paradigm the best set of parameters that results in minimal overall energy consumption were obtained. For the given set of conditions, it was found that after optimization, the DMR process can produce LNG using 16.2% less compression power compared to the published optimized DMR process. Taking into account the higher sensitivity of the DMR process against NG feed conditions, the IWO approach was also examined to find the multiple optimal solutions corresponding to different sets of feed conditions. The thermodynamic evaluation revealed that the mixed refrigerant involves in NG subcooling and interstage coolers have the highest level of exergy destruction. After successful performance improvement of the DMR process, it is also found that still, 62% improvement potential (based on avoidable/unavoidable exergy destruction analysis) is available in the DMR process that can be attained through either sole optimization or optimal retrofitting/revamping.

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“…Qyyum et al [2], He et al [10], and Austbø et al [12] have comprehensively reviewed the different aspects of the studies concerning LNG process design and optimization. Although LNG is a promising option for the management of ANG, the liquefaction process is energy intensive.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript N O T C O P Y E D I T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural gas, viewed as a cleaner alternative to other fossil fuels in terms of acidic and greenhouse gas emissions, provides an attractive option in order to fulfill this growing demand [1]. In comparison to the demand for coal and oil, the natural gas demand is increasing rapidly and it is also expected that the investment to find new natural gas reserves across the globe will increase in near future [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost Optimization and Flexibility Analysis for the Liquefaction of an Associated Natural Gas Stream

Eini

Kontogeorgis

Rashtchian

2019

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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Liquefaction and then transportation to the market is one of the promising options for the utilization of associated natural gas resources which are produced in oil fields. However, the flow of such resources is normally unsteady. Additionally, the associated gas in one oil field may exhaust in a few years and the liquefaction plant should be moved to another oil field with different specifications. In order to tackle such challenges, liquefaction systems not only must be optimally designed and operated but also should be flexible with respect to the gas flow fluctuations. The flexibility analysis of such processes is usually ignored in the optimization studies. In this research, first, the economic performance of two small-scale liquefaction processes (a single mixed-refrigerant process, SMR, and a nitrogen expander process) was optimized and compared. The results showed that the SMR process is economically more attractive (49% lower lifecycle cost compared to the nitrogen expander process). As a post-optimization step, flexibility analysis was performed to investigate the ability of optimal designs in overcoming gas flow fluctuations. For this purpose, five-thousand feed samples with different flowrate and methane content were supposed which formed a feasibility-check region. The results showed that with respect to the design constraints, the optimal SMR process is more flexible and feasibly operates in the entire region. However, the nitrogen expander process cannot feasibly operate for the gas feed with high flowrate and low methane content.

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Comprehensive Review of the Design Optimization of Natural Gas Liquefaction Processes: Current Status and Perspectives

Cited by 100 publications

References 95 publications

Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

Weed colonization‐based performance improvement opportunities in dual‐mixed refrigerant natural gas liquefaction process

Cost Optimization and Flexibility Analysis for the Liquefaction of an Associated Natural Gas Stream

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