Comprehensive Review of Power Electronic Converters in Electric Vehicle Applications

Abstract

Emerging electric vehicle (EV) technology requires high-voltage energy storage systems, efficient electric motors, electrified power trains, and power converters. If we consider forecasts for EV demand and driving applications, this article comprehensively reviewed power converter topologies, control schemes, output power, reliability, losses, switching frequency, operations, charging systems, advantages, and disadvantages. This article wasis article intended to help engineers and researchers forecast typical recharging/discharging durations, the lifetime of energy storage with the help of control systems and machine learning, and the performance probability of using AlGaN/GaN heterojunction-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) in EV systems. The analysis of this extensive review paper suggests that the Vienna rectifier provides significant performance among all AC–DC rectifier converters. Moreover, the multi-device interleaved DC–DC boost converter is best suited for the DC–DC conversion stage. Among DC–AC converters, the third harmonic injected seven-level inverter is found to be one of the best in EV driving. Furthermore, the utilization of multi-level inverters can terminate the requirement of the intermediate DC–DC converter. In addition, the current status, opportunities, challenges, and applications of wireless power transfer in hybrid and all-electric vehicles were also discussed in this paper. Moreover, the adoption of wide bandgap semiconductors was considered. Because of their higher power density, breakdown voltage, and switching frequency characteristics, a light yet efficient power converter design can be achieved for EVs. Finally, the article’s intent was to provide a reference for engineers and researchers in the automobile industry for forecasting calculations.

A Comprehensive Review on Charging Topologies and Power Electronic Converter Solutions for Electric Vehicles

“…Regarding its significance in EV applications, V2G technology has been widely utilized to enable energy exchange between EV batteries and the utility grid or RESs. Various PEC topologies have been discussed in several review research works, including [58], [83], [92], [208], [209], and can be used for V2G technology. In EV charging systems employing V2G technology, bidirectional converters are commonly used for power flow control and power factor correction.…”

Sliding Mode Control of an Electric Vehicle Driven by a New Powertrain Technology Based on a Dual-Star Induction Machine

“…Their multi-level design offers better signal quality, reduces current and voltage harmonics, and enables more precise control of electrical power. In addition, these converters offer greater flexibility in energy management, enabling the vehicle's performance to be optimized under different driving conditions [20][21][22].…”

“…In our study, we aim to fully exploit the advantages of this technology to improve the energy efficiency, performance, and durability of electric vehicles. By integrating these converters into the vehicle powertrain, we aim to maximize the use of electrical energy while minimizing losses, thereby contributing to more sustainable and environmentally friendly mobility [22].…”

Power Converter Resonant Control for an Unbalanced and Non-Constant Frequency Supply

“…Controlled power converters have grown in acceptance and are therefore widely used in many applications. To enumerate some of them, for instance, they are used in motor drives, renewable energy, and active filters, among others [ 1 ]. Additionally, many topologies have been developed to improve different aspects of these power converters [ 2 , 3 ].…”