Comprehensive Review of Orthogonal Regression and Its Applications in Different Domains

Pallavi, .; Joshi, Sandeep; Singh, Dilbag; Kaur, Manjit; Lee, Heung-No

doi:10.1007/s11831-022-09728-5

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In order to correctly and effectively compare whether there is any difference between the two methods, the DR fitting method can be used (Pallavi et. al., 2022;Michael ane & Andrew.…”

Section: Comparison Of Two Systems (X-methods Versus Y-method) For Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization validation of online system for COD variation measurement in wastewater at levels of parallel matrixes designed through bias correction by Deming regression under AD hypothesis test

Douwen

2023

Preprint

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Chemical oxygen demand (COD), with its unique socio-economic structure and conditions in regional wastewater of Dalian, China, can bring about the long-term potential harm impacts to ecosystems and human health. As the key indicators of total sewage discharge control and the must-measure item for routine testing in China, COD test is basically completed by the online system (as X-method). However, X-method belongs to the domains of non-standard, and the validity of its reported results deserves attention. The background effect treatment has been debated when dealing with the accuracy of COD test, and the usual practice is referred to the matrixes spikes at multiple levels. However, we hold the opinion that COD of the actual extraction efficiency (naturally existing matrix matched), is out of the question while measuring for unstable samples greatly fluctuated in wastewater, with its instantaneous effluent and temporal and spatial characteristics, and cannot be repeated and predicted. Instead, we decided to use regression to solve this problem. We may assess the methodology of leverage (hi) and Cook’s distance (Di) to identify influential observation prior to model transformation for ordinary least squares (OLS) fitting, in which, the random parallel samples designed, within each level consistent differing by ≤ 10%, is deployed to establish the bias correction reasoning between X-method and the arbitration, referee or primary system (as Y-method). As OLS fitting is, yielding biased and inefficient estimates, not suitable for uncertainties existed in both regressed variables, instead, we use a knowledge-based Deming regression (DR) to optimally monitor and validate the validity of X-method system. In this paper, we give the detailed fitting process of DR technique with its weighted iteration accounted for measurement error in both methods. To ensure the residuals, in chronological order, deduced from the bias correction function, under independence identical distribution (i.i.d) condition, we strongly advocate a more robust Anderson Darling (AD) hypothesis test for validation of X-method. If the AD null hypothesis is held, we further hold the opinion that X-method is, under the site precision (sR'), reliable for its COD determination in wastewater. Meanwhile, the sR' is more appropriate to maximally incorporate all cumulative effects, even with the annoying interaction, into the data quality objective (DQO) of the COD system over an entire range levels range, and minimize the intractable problem caused by matrix effect. Our motive is to compare the COD variation measurement from real-time online system, across all matrices, with the results obtained historically or subsequently, to meet client’s needs in a way that allows the operation of the COD system from X-method in consistency, in impartial, in competency, and to assist management decision making.

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“…In order to correctly and effectively compare whether there is any difference between the two methods, the DR fitting method can be used (Pallavi et. al., 2022;Michael ane & Andrew.…”

Section: Comparison Of Two Systems (X-methods Versus Y-method) For Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization validation of online system for COD variation measurement in wastewater at levels of parallel matrixes designed through bias correction by Deming regression under AD hypothesis test

Douwen

2023

Preprint

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“…orthogonal residuals of individual subscales from the regression fit line). We used orthogonal, rather than ordinary least squares regression for these purposes because the former provides stable model coefficients regardless of arbitrary decisions regarding which karyotype group scores are treated as the dependent vs. the independent variable [52].…”

Section: Comparing Profiles Of Psychopathology and Coupling With Cffs...mentioning

confidence: 99%

X- vs. Y-Chromosome Influences on Human Behavior: A Deep Phenotypic Comparison of Psychopathology in XXY and XYY Syndromes

Schaffer

Rau

Clasen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Do different genetic disorders impart different psychiatric risk profiles? This question has major implications for biological and translational aspects of psychiatry, but has been difficult to tackle given limited access to shared batteries of fine-grained clinical data across genetic disorders. Using a new suite of generalizable analytic approaches, we examine gold-standard diagnostic ratings, scores on 66 dimensional measures of psychopathology, and measures of cognition and functioning in two different sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) - Klinefelter (XXY/KS) and XYY syndrome (n=102 and 64 vs. n=74 and 60 matched XY controls, total n=300). We focus on SCAs for their high collective prevalence, informativeness regarding differential X- vs. Y-chromosome effects, and potential relevance for normative sex differences. We show that XXY/KS elevates rates for most psychiatric diagnoses as previously reported for XYY, but disproportionately so for anxiety disorders. Fine-mapping across all 66 traits provides a detailed profile of psychopathology in XXY/KS which is strongly correlated with that of XYY (r=.75 across traits) and robust to ascertainment biases, but reveals: (i) a greater penetrance of XYY than KS/XXY for most traits except mood/anxiety problems, and (ii) a disproportionate impact of XYY vs. XXY/KS on social problems. XXY/KS and XXY showed a similar coupling of psychopathology with adaptive function and caregiver strain, but not IQ. This work provides new tools for deep-phenotypic comparisons of genetic disorders in psychiatry and uses these to detail unique and shared effects of the X- and Y-chromosome on human behavior.

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“…A review on other assessment approach has shown that they all have limitations of one form or another. So, we recommend a new procedure on Deming WOR here ( Pallavi et. al., 2022).…”

Section: Conclusion Bias Correction Of Matrix Matchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a WLS (weighted least squares) regression of errors-in-variables model for maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which focuses on the normally distribution and independence of the two variables in bias correction fitting. This Deming weighted orthogonal regression (WOR) is completely different from the understanding and adoption of OLS (ordinary least squares) in China (Pallavi et. al., 2022;Michael ane & Andrew.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Optimization of online system for COD measurement in water pollution through bias correction and uncertainty evaluation over an entire range of materials

Douwen,

Zhijing

2023

Preprint

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Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an item of water pollutant that must be measured by the State. When undertaking COD measurement tasks, compared with the reference operation (as the Y-method) in the laboratory, the online system (as X-method), a process stream analyzer of automatic monitoring in the domestic field, is much superior. However, we believe that X-method is a non-standard system, and its measurement reliability deserves attention. In this paper under top-down measurement condition, we propose to use the variable error fitting of Deming regression, establish a bias correction function between the two methods, based on the matrix sample size at different levels by our power curve estimate in chronological order, and carry out a more rigorous check on the reliability of X-method. To ensure that the residuals derived from the bias correction function is in an independence and identical distribution (i.i.d) condition, we strongly recommend a more rigorous and robust Anderson Darling (AD) hypothesis test technique for confirmation. If the AD null hypothesis is held, we can believe that the reliability of X-method is validated, and incorporate all cumulative effects, with the minimized complex correlation, brought in the bias correction function fitting process, into the uncertainty estimate over an entire range. The practices we advocate in this paper are very helpful in raising the quality level of the online system.

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Comprehensive Review of Orthogonal Regression and Its Applications in Different Domains

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

Optimization validation of online system for COD variation measurement in wastewater at levels of parallel matrixes designed through bias correction by Deming regression under AD hypothesis test

Optimization validation of online system for COD variation measurement in wastewater at levels of parallel matrixes designed through bias correction by Deming regression under AD hypothesis test

X- vs. Y-Chromosome Influences on Human Behavior: A Deep Phenotypic Comparison of Psychopathology in XXY and XYY Syndromes

Optimization of online system for COD measurement in water pollution through bias correction and uncertainty evaluation over an entire range of materials

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