Comprehensive Review of Methods for Increasing the Durability of Hot Forging Tools

Widomski, Paweł; Gronostajski, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.280

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Indeed, this kind of process requires knowledge from multiple disciplines such as engineering design, metallurgy, and process simulation (technology). Materials were analyzed in different methods, focusing on those mainly used in forging such as steel alloy (12), aluminium alloy (4), superalloy, and other materials (4).…”

Section: Slr Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature analysis results were then used to make suggestions for future studies and drive researchers and practitioners to develop compliant tools for the robust assessment of costs in the early design stages. In scientific and academic literature there are no review papers focused on the estimation of forging costs, but only reviews focused on forging equipment, in particular on methods of increasing the life of forging tools [11,12] or on degradation mechanisms [13]. Other authors focused their research on force reduction methods [14], measurement techniques [15], material behaviour [16,17], or developments in a particular forged product [18].…”

Section: Relevance Of the Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key features and novel trends for developing cost engineering methods for forged components: a systematic literature review

Favi

Campi

Mandolini

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Engineering design shows a growing interest in exploring cost analysis to anticipate manufacturing issues and integrate production aspects within the product development process. This research aims to highlight key elements (inputs, parameters, models) to accurately predict the cost of a forged part using a complete model, with important information that can be available during the design phase. For this purpose, a systematic literature review of existing engineering methodologies developed for cost analysis of forged parts (i.e., cost estimation, DtC, and ABC) was performed with characterizations of the different approaches for evaluating the most important topics related to this objective. As a result, the most important insights related to the aim of this review are provided: (i) among quantitative methods, analytical and parametric models are the most suitable approaches to develop a cost estimation, (ii) a cost model based on a linear equation supported by single or multiple variables seems to be the most accurate tool to establish a robust cost analysis in the design of forged components, and (iii) input parameters related to the material type and geometrical features are the most critical cost-drivers in the cost assessment. Moreover, this review contributes to identifying emerging applications and obsolete topics, providing the ground to investigate unexplored areas relevant to future research.

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Section: Slr Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relevance Of the Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key features and novel trends for developing cost engineering methods for forged components: a systematic literature review

Favi

Campi

Mandolini

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nemogućnost prevlačenja proizvoda složenog oblika i visoka temperatura procesa su jedna od poteškoća PVD i CVD tehnike. Zahvaljujući snižavanju temperature CVD postupaka (u PACVD postupku) postalo je moguće koristiti CVD prevlake za izgradnju slojeva na bazi nitriranog sloja [98]. Upotreba plazme može u velikoj meri rešiti gorenavedene probleme [99,100].…”

Section: Figure 12 Proportion Of Various Main Failure Modes Of Forgin...unclassified

Directions of development and application of plasma nitriding in industry

Stojanović¹,

Stanisavljev²,

Erić³

2022

Zaštita materijala

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This paper presents a discussion of the results of previous research of the effects of surface modification of structural materials and tool steels using plasma nitriding (PN) in order to improve their mechanical, tribological and corrosion behavior. The paper discusses the current status and future directions in the application of PN on various wearing components that are exposed to high loads, stresses and frequent temperature changes. The paper provides an overview of the relevant literature whose results show the most favorable or optimal parameters of the PN process aimed at achieving the best performance in terms of wear and corrosion resistance and hardness increase for the various materials considered. Systematization of literature data about research of the impact of low-temperature PN on stainless steels has placed emphasis on those process mechanisms that achieve benefits for surface layers without creating negative side effects in the form of loss of corrosion resistance. The strengthening of hot forging dies is considered through the reasons and problems that cause the need for the application of PN, and then paper focuses on the role of PN in achieving the tribological properties required to extend the service life of the die. Publications in which the nitriding of titanium alloys is investigated through the reduction of wear, increase of bearing capacity and microhardness depending on the input parameters of the process, ie the optimal parameters applied in order to obtain the best performance characteristics are cited. The application of PN to aluminum and its alloys is discussed, as well as the conditions of testing and the achieved improvements.

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“…This results in micro-deformations and clusterig of dislocations at grain boundaries and inclusions, followed by near-surface crack formation, which propagates with each forging cycle [2]. The number of load bearing cycles is decisive for the efficiency of a forging process and defines the tool's service life [3]. The tool life also affects the quality of the forgings, as the damaged dies and stamps cause a change in the geometry of the manufactured product, and any surface faults are represented on the forged product as imprint.…”

Section: Intr Introduction Oductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjusting Mechanical Properties of Forging Dies Produced by Ausforming

Behrens¹,

Brunotte²,

Petersen³

et al. 2021

Esaform 2021

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Due to high thermo-mechanical loads, tools used in hot forming operations need a high resistance to different damage phenomena, such as deformation, cracking and abrasion. They are exposed to cyclic thermo-mechanical stress conditions, which leads to tool failure and subsequent tool replacement during cost-intensive production interruptions. To increase wear resistance, forging tools can be produced in the metastable austenite area. Forming of steel below the recrystallisation temperature, also known as “ausforming”, offers the possibility to increase strength without affecting ductile properties. This is due to grain refinement during forming. In this study, the thermo-mechanical treatment ausforming will be used to form the final contour of forging dies. For this purpose, an analogy study was performed where a cup-preform is ausformed, which represents the inner contour of a highly mechanically loaded forging die. It is investigated to what extent a fine-grained microstructure generated in the last forming stage can be achieved and how it influences the tool’s performance. The hot-working tool steel X37CrMoV5-1 (AISI H11) was used as workpiece material. To achieve optimal properties, process routes with tempering temperatures from 300 °C to 500 °C and global true plastic strains of φ = 0.25 and φ = 0.45 were examined. The results were evaluated by pulsation tests, metallographic analysis and hardness measurements of the formed parts. Optimal ausforming parameters were derived to produce a high performance forging die.

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Comprehensive Review of Methods for Increasing the Durability of Hot Forging Tools

Cited by 22 publications

References 93 publications

Key features and novel trends for developing cost engineering methods for forged components: a systematic literature review

Key features and novel trends for developing cost engineering methods for forged components: a systematic literature review

Directions of development and application of plasma nitriding in industry

Adjusting Mechanical Properties of Forging Dies Produced by Ausforming

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