Comprehensive Review of Methodology to Detect Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mammalian Species and Establish Its Relationship with Antioxidants and Cancer

Abstract

Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate tissue homeostasis, cellular signaling, differentiation, and survival. ROS and antioxidants exert both beneficial and harmful effects on cancer. ROS at different concentrations exhibit different functions. This creates necessity to understand the relation between ROS, antioxidants, and cancer, and methods for detection of ROS. This review highlights various sources and types of ROS, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; types of antioxidants, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; and abnormal ROS detoxification in cancer; and methods to measure ROS. We conclude that improving genetic screening methods and bringing higher clarity in determination of enzymatic pathways and scale-up in cancer models profiling, using omics technology, would support in-depth understanding of antioxidant pathways and ROS complexities. Although numerous methods for ROS detection are developing very rapidly, yet further modifications are required to minimize the limitations associated with currently available methods.

Neuroendocrine Effects of Carnitines on Reproductive Impairments

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical molecules formed as a natural byproduct of the normal aerobic metabolism of oxygen [ 16 ]. It is well known that ROS are produced by biochemical reactions that occur during the processes of respiration in mitochondria [ 17 ].…”

Profil Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Beberapa Tumbuhan Genus Artocarpus di Indonesia

“…Flavonoid merupakan senyawa polifenol yang penting bagi kesehatan manusia karena aktivitas farmakologisnya yang beragam mulai dari penangkap radikal bebas yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, hingga potensinya sebagai agen yang melawan berbagai macam penyakit [7]. Peran flavonoid dalam manusia untuk melawan berbagai penyakit menjadi penting karena banyak penyakit yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas yang memacu stress oksidatif dan merusak komponen seluler atau mengganggu fungsinya [8,9]. Antioksidan merupakan zat yang mampu menunda atau menghambat kerusakan oksidatif pada molekul target yang diakibatkan oleh radikal bebas.…”

Antioxidant stress and anticancer activity of peptide‑chelated selenium in vitro

“…If the accumulation of ROS overwhelms the death threshold, cellular apoptosis levels increase, which enhances the antitumor effects of ROS production ( 7 ). Fuloria et al ( 8 ) confirmed that ROS alleviate certain types of cancer, such as oral ( 9 ) and gastric cancer (GC) ( 10 ), and that the redox state in cells is an important factor for subsequent tumor formation potential; thus, cellular redox states are potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Finally, ROS may contribute to the regulation of apoptosis ( 9 ).…”