Comprehensive review of geomechanics of underground hydrogen storage in depleted reservoirs and salt caverns

Ramesh Kumar, Kishan; Honorio, Herminio; Chandra, Debanjan; Lesueur, Martin; Hajibeygi, Hadi

doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.108912

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…It can be concluded that the higher the flow rate we use, the faster we will complete the RCG withdrawal process (i.e., the faster the upconing will take place). For the group of 4-year cases, the first filling option (1-5) decreases the total water extraction, while for the remaining cases (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), it increases. When a constant hydrogen flow is used, the amount of water extracted is the highest of all options.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The green hydrogen economy is considered a potential successor to fossil fuel-based energy in the global energy transition [1,2]. It has been identified as an essential instrument in efforts toward global climate neutrality [3][4][5][6][7]. It is believed that, in the near future, hydrogen will be a key energy carrier in the transport, chemical, and metallurgical industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers: Non-Recoverable Cushion Gas after Storage

Luboń,

Tarkowski

2024

Energies

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Underground hydrogen storage facilities require cushion gas to operate, which is an expensive one-time investment. Only some of this gas is recoverable after the end of UHS operation. A significant percentage of the hydrogen will remain in underground storage as non-recoverable cushion gas. Efforts must be made to reduce it. This article presents the results of modeling the cushion gas withdrawal after the end of cyclical storage operation. It was found that the amount of non-recoverable cushion gas is fundamentally influenced by the duration of the initial hydrogen filling period, the hydrogen flow rate, and the timing of the upconing occurrence. Upconing is one of the main technical barriers to hydrogen storage in deep saline aquifers. The ratio of non-recoverable cushion gas to cushion gas (NRCG/CG) decreases with an increasing amount of cushion gas. The highest ratio, 0.63, was obtained in the shortest 2-year initial filling period. The lowest ratio, 0.35, was obtained when utilizing the longest initial filling period of 4 years and employing the largest amount of cushion gas. The presented cases of cushion gas recovery can help investors decide which storage option is the most advantageous based on the criteria that are important to them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers: Non-Recoverable Cushion Gas after Storage

Luboń,

Tarkowski

2024

Energies

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“…Moreover, the caprock, which sits atop the porous reservoir, must be reasonably thick and impermeable. This impermeability is crucial to prevent any risk of hydrogen leakage into adjacent geological layers or to the surface [17].…”

Section: Site Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maintaining a low and consistent injection rate promotes a stable front, reducing the chances of hydrogen losses. Moreover, low injection rates allow enough time for the fluid to dissipate along the fault plane, reducing the probability of seismic events [17]. Ensuring that the injection rates and pressures remain within specified limits is imperative.…”

Section: Injection Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical and Economic Viability of Underground Hydrogen Storage

Quintos Fuentes,

Santos

2023

Hydrogen

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Considering the mismatch between the renewable source availability and energy demand, energy storage is increasingly vital for achieving a net-zero future. The daily/seasonal disparities produce a surplus of energy at specific moments. The question is how can this “excess” energy be stored? One promising solution is hydrogen. Conventional hydrogen storage relies on manufactured vessels. However, scaling the technology requires larger volumes to satisfy peak demands, enhance the reliability of renewable energies, and increase hydrogen reserves for future technology and infrastructure development. The optimal solution may involve leveraging the large volumes of underground reservoirs, like salt caverns and aquifers, while minimizing the surface area usage and avoiding the manufacturing and safety issues inherent to traditional methods. There is a clear literature gap regarding the critical aspects of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) technology. Thus, a comprehensive review of the latest developments is needed to identify these gaps and guide further R&D on the topic. This work provides a better understanding of the current situation of UHS and its future challenges. It reviews the literature published on UHS, evaluates the progress in the last decades, and discusses ongoing and carried-out projects, suggesting that the technology is technically and economically ready for today’s needs.

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Study on salt crystals fouling on the tubing surface for energy storage salt cavern during debrining

Xie,

Jiang,

Liao

et al. 2025

Chemical Engineering Science

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Comprehensive review of geomechanics of underground hydrogen storage in depleted reservoirs and salt caverns

Cited by 17 publications

References 253 publications

Hydrogen Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers: Non-Recoverable Cushion Gas after Storage

Hydrogen Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers: Non-Recoverable Cushion Gas after Storage

Technical and Economic Viability of Underground Hydrogen Storage

Study on salt crystals fouling on the tubing surface for energy storage salt cavern during debrining

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