Comprehensive Review of Different Pendulum Structures in Engineering Applications

Hazem, Zied Ben; Bingül, Zafer

doi:10.1109/access.2023.3269580

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 102 publications

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“…These pendulums find applications across diverse fields, serving as energy harvesters (e.g., in wave energy converters), load-lifting mechanisms (used in cranes), components in robotics, timekeeping devices, experimental tools, and even attractions in amusement parks [2]. Due to their dynamic or manual length adjustment capability, variable-length pendulums have proven versatile in scientific research, education, and practical contexts [3]. Let us enumerate the main types of these physical concepts below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable-Length Pendulum-Based Mechatronic Systems for Energy Harvesting: A Review of Dynamic Models

Yakubu,

Olejnik,

Adisa

2024

Energies

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The ability to power low-power devices and sensors has drawn a great deal of interest to energy harvesting from ambient vibrations. The application of variable-length pendulum systems in conjunction with piezoelectric or electromagnetic energy-harvesting devices is examined in this thorough analysis. Because of their changeable length, such pendulums may effectively convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. This study covers these energy-harvesting systems’ basic theories, design concerns, modeling methods, and performance optimization strategies. This article reviews several studies that look at dynamic models, the effects of damping coefficients, device designs, and excitation parameters on energy output. The advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling techniques are demonstrated by comparative research. This review also looks at technical advances and future research prospects in variable-length, pendulum-based energy harvesting. An expanded model for an energy harvester based on a variable-length pendulum derived from the modified, swinging Atwood machine is more specifically presented. This model’s numerical simulations, estimated current and voltage outputs, and produced power from the electromagnetic and piezoelectric devices integrated at various points in a 4-DOF variable-length pendulum model all indicate encouraging results. This necessitates extra study, changes, and optimizations to improve the usefulness of the proposed model. Finally, important dynamic models on developing variable-length, pendulum-based energy harvesters for usage in a range of applications to create sustainable energy are summarized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable-Length Pendulum-Based Mechatronic Systems for Energy Harvesting: A Review of Dynamic Models

Yakubu,

Olejnik,

Adisa

2024

Energies

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Study of Q-learning and deep Q-network learning control for a rotary inverted pendulum system

Ben Hazem

2024

Discov Appl Sci

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The rotary inverted pendulum system (RIPS) is an underactuated mechanical system with highly nonlinear dynamics and it is difficult to control a RIPS using the classic control models. In the last few years, reinforcement learning (RL) has become a popular nonlinear control method. RL has a powerful potential to control systems with high non-linearity and complex dynamics, such as RIPS. Nevertheless, RL control for RIPS has not been well studied and there is limited research on the development and evaluation of this control method. In this paper, RL control algorithms are developed for the swing-up and stabilization control of a single-link rotary inverted pendulum (SLRIP) and compared with classic control methods such as PID and LQR. A physical model of the SLRIP system is created using the MATLAB/Simscape Toolbox, the model is used as a dynamic simulation in MATLAB/Simulink to train the RL agents. An agent trainer system with Q-learning (QL) and deep Q-network learning (DQNL) is proposed for the data training. Furthermore, agent actions are actuating the horizontal arm of the system and states are the angles and velocities of the pendulum and the horizontal arm. The reward is computed according to the angles of the pendulum and horizontal arm. The reward is zero when the pendulum attends the upright position. The RL algorithms are used without a deep understanding of the classical controllers and are used to implement the agent. Finally, the outcome indicates the effectiveness of the QL and DQNL algorithms compared to the conventional PID and LQR controllers.

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Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of double tumblers

Cai,

Zhang,

Pan

et al. 2024

Journal of Sound and Vibration

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Comprehensive Review of Different Pendulum Structures in Engineering Applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 102 publications

Variable-Length Pendulum-Based Mechatronic Systems for Energy Harvesting: A Review of Dynamic Models

Variable-Length Pendulum-Based Mechatronic Systems for Energy Harvesting: A Review of Dynamic Models

Study of Q-learning and deep Q-network learning control for a rotary inverted pendulum system

Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of double tumblers

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