Comprehensive Review for an Efficient Charge Transfer in Single Atomic Site Catalyst/Organic Polymers toward Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

Abstract

important to overcome the heavy dependence on fossil fuels. Solar energy is considered to be the largest renewable energy source that can provide ≈120 kTW to the Earth annually, in comparison to other energy sources such as tide, wave, geothermal, and wind. [3,5] It is believed that the conversion of ≈10% of the solar energy on 0.3% of the Earth's surface would be sufficient to satisfy the expected energy needs in 2050. [5] Within this context, the transformation of CO 2 into solar fuels using solar energy is a promising solution to mitigate both environmental and energy issues simultaneously.

Stability and Electronic Structure of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Supported Cun (n = 1–5) Clusters in Vacuum and under Electrochemical Conditions: Toward Sensor and Catalyst Design

“…The detailed study of the electronic structure properties (e.g., band structure, occupation etc.) and the derived quantities (e.g., conductivity) are relevant from both catalytic effects (e.g., by opening electron transfer channels) and sensor efficiency (e.g., sensitivity of the electronic structure on the adsorbate binding). , The understanding of the effect of the electrode potential on the tuneability of the electronic states is crucial for the catalyst design. , …”

“…and the derived quantities (e.g., conductivity) are relevant from both catalytic effects (e.g., by opening electron transfer channels) and sensor efficiency (e.g., sensitivity of the electronic structure on the adsorbate binding). 41,42 The understanding of the effect of the electrode potential on the tuneability of the electronic states is crucial for the catalyst design. 43,44 Here, the usual and widespread theoretical description is the computational hydrogen electrode model.…”

Building Porous Ni(Salen)‐Based Catalysts from Waste Styrofoam via Autocatalytic Coupling Chemistry for Heterogeneous Oxidation with Molecular Oxygen

“…Porous organic polymers (POPs) are known as a class of covalently linked polymers that possess permanent porosity, large pore volume, and high structural stability. [16][17][18] They present new opportunities for heterogeneous catalysis and are ideal candidates to address the aforementioned issues. [19,20,[51][52][53][54][55][56] To date, considerable pioneering efforts have been devoted to incorporating salen into POP substrates, including Co/Zn/Al-salen-based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), [21][22][23] Co/Cu-salenbased covalent organic frameworks (COFs), [24,25] and chiral Znsalen-based chiral COFs.…”

Biomimetic photocatalysts for the transformation of CO2: design, properties, and mechanistic insights

“…monocatalysts, liquid state Z-scheme, all solid states Z-scheme, direct Z-scheme and type II heterojunctions) are (1) fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, (2) poor redox power and (3) Inefficient charge separation thereby hindering the practical application of the technique [7][8][9]. According to general agreement, a good photocatalytic system must have quick charge transition, efficient charge separation, and good absorption in the visible spectrum, be composed of non-toxic elements and display high stability [10]. Among the photocatalysts reported in the literature, bio-based photocatalysts have gained popularity in the recent decade.…”