Comprehensive review and future perspectives of efficient N-doped, Fe-doped and (N,Fe)-co-doped titania as visible light active photocatalysts

Kaur, Navneet; Shahi, Satwant Kaur; Shahi, J.S.; Sandhu, Sofia; Sharma, Rohit K.; Singh, Vasundhara

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109429

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 272 publications

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“…As explained before, in the doping procedure N can create space for itself in the bulk or on the surface. If the crystallization of titania occurs while the dopant source is added, the N incorporates in the crystal lattice [ 53 ]. The dopant species could be incorporated in the crystal lattice occupying either a substitutional (Ti-N) or an interstitial site (Ti-O-N), which leads to the formation of a new band between the CB and VB of titania, resulting in reduction of the band gap energy [ 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the crystallization of titania occurs while the dopant source is added, the N incorporates in the crystal lattice [ 53 ]. The dopant species could be incorporated in the crystal lattice occupying either a substitutional (Ti-N) or an interstitial site (Ti-O-N), which leads to the formation of a new band between the CB and VB of titania, resulting in reduction of the band gap energy [ 53 ]. Substitutional doping involves oxygen replacement, whereas interstitial doping involves the addition of nitrogen into TiO 2 lattices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with N-Doped TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Obtained in One-Pot Supercritical Synthesis

et al. 2022

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The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of carbon support on the activity and selectivity of N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Thus, N-doped TiO2 and two types of composites, N-doped TiO2/CNT and N-doped TiO2/rGO, were prepared by a new environmentally friendly one-pot method. CNT and rGO were used as supports, triethylamine and urea as N doping agents, and titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide and ethanol as Ti precursor and hydrolysis agent, respectively. The as-prepared photocatalysts exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance compared to TiO2 P25 commercial catalyst during the photoreduction of CO2 with water vapor. It was imputed to the synergistic effect of N doping (reduction of semiconductor band gap energy) and carbon support (enlarging e−-h+ recombination time). The activity and selectivity of catalysts varied depending on the investigated material. Thus, whereas N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles led to a gaseous mixture, where CH4 formed the majority compared to CO, N-doped TiO2/CNT and N-doped TiO2/rGO composites almost exclusively generated CO. Regarding the activity of the catalysts, the highest production rates of CO (8 µmol/gTiO2/h) and CH4 (4 µmol/gTiO2/h) were achieved with composite N1/TiO2/rGO and N1/TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively, where superscript represents the ratio mg N/g TiO2. These rates are four times and almost forty times higher than the CO and CH4 production rates observed with commercial TiO2 P25.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with N-Doped TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Obtained in One-Pot Supercritical Synthesis

et al. 2022

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“…Many studies have shown that the photocatalytic activity of nanoscale spherical TiO 2 co‐doped with two ions is higher than that of nanoscale spherical TiO 2 doped with a single ion, [ 150–152 ] and the photoresponse range becomes wider because of the synergistic and complementary effect of non‐metal/metal, [ 153–155 ] non‐metal/non‐metal [ 156 ] and metal/metal [ 157–159 ] co‐doping TiO 2 . In general, metals prefer to replace Ti 4+ sites in the TiO 2 lattice, forming dopant levels near the conduction band, and non‐metals potentially form new levels closest to the valence band, thereby reducing the bandgap and extending to the visible light absorption range.…”

Section: Different Types Of Nanoscale Spherical Tio2 Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on the nanoscale spherical TiO₂ photocatalysts: Mechanisms, synthesis and degradation applications

et al. 2020

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has the advantages of strong photocatalytic activity, non‐toxicity, and low cost, and so on. It has always occupied a dominant position in many photocatalytic materials, especially nanoscale spherical TiO2 has the characteristics of high specific surface area and pore‐volume, and so on. Therefore, Degussa P25, as a typical representative of the nanoscale spherical structure, is currently the only material produced on a large scale. According to the structure, nanoscale spherical TiO2 can be divided into three types: solid, core‐shell, and hollow spheres. However, there is still a lack of the latest review on the synthetic doping and application of nanoscale spherical TiO2. Therefore, we first describe the degradation mechanism of nanoscale spherical TiO2 and summarize the latest progress of its synthesis strategy in this review, including doping and other modification techniques, and finally introduce the application of nanoscale spherical TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds, dye wastewater, antibiotics, pesticides, and oily wastewater. Through this review, it is helpful for researchers to further understand the synthesis and application of nanoscale spherical TiO2, hoping to continuously improve the disadvantages and photocatalytic activity of nanoscale spherical TiO2, and promote the widespread application of nanoscale spherical TiO2 on an industrial scale.

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“…As a result, researchers have been working on improving activity of CO 2 reduction by exploring different photocatalysts and reactors. Although, many review papers discussing different enhancement strategies such as doping, coupling, heterojunctions, nanomaterials, and cocatalysts have been published, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] few papers address other factors such as separation mechanisms, thermodynamics, scavengers, and intermediates, which are currently relevant for the understanding of photocatalytic activity. This work is focused on the latest developments of semiconductors used for CO 2 reduction to produce fuels as a renewable energy source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in constructing heterojunctions of binary semiconductor photocatalysts for visible light responsiveCO₂reduction to energy efficient fuels: A review

Alhebshi

Aldeen

Mim

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Photocatalysis of carbon dioxide by the assistance of solar energy has been one of the most promising approaches to reduce CO 2 to renewable fuel. Several methods are pertained to enhance the photocatalytic activity for stimulating CO 2 reduction to selective fuels. Even though many researchers have been exploring methods of assembling a suitable semiconductor, practical constraints such as charge carrier recombination and low light utilization limit the photocatalytic activity. In this review, recent advancement in semiconductors and their characteristics toward the photoreduction of CO 2 has been comprehensively discussed. The major semiconductors that are discussed and analyzed based on their limitations in this review are TiO 2 , BiVO 4 , CdS, g-C 3 N 4 , ZnO, and MoS 2 -based composites. Initially, the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis such as the possible molecular pathways, product selectivity, and thermodynamics have been deliberated. Advancement in semiconductors in relation to quantum dots, heterojunction, and sacrificial reagent has been systematically analyzed. Doping and co-doping of semiconductors have proven to reduce the band gap notably and its outstanding electronic band position for the visible light photocatalysis has been identified. Furthermore, the developments of cocatalysts such as noble metals and nonmetals to stimulate photocatalysts performance in view of CO 2 reduction to value-added products have been disclosed. Specific developments in binary semiconductors through Z-scheme, S-scheme, and ternary heterojunction for charge separation and their characterization has been thoroughly deliberated. In addition, the role of doping, structural defects, as well as sensitization in enhancing the light harvesting abilities of the photocatalyst has been discoursed. The developments in photocatalytic reactors with their characteristics and limitations are also assiduously discussed. Finally, conclusions and future directions for photocatalysis of carbon dioxide toward renewable fuel production have been suggested.

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Comprehensive review and future perspectives of efficient N-doped, Fe-doped and (N,Fe)-co-doped titania as visible light active photocatalysts

Cited by 32 publications

References 272 publications

Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with N-Doped TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Obtained in One-Pot Supercritical Synthesis

Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with N-Doped TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Obtained in One-Pot Supercritical Synthesis

Progress on the nanoscale spherical TiO₂ photocatalysts: Mechanisms, synthesis and degradation applications

Recent advances in constructing heterojunctions of binary semiconductor photocatalysts for visible light responsiveCO₂reduction to energy efficient fuels: A review

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Comprehensive review and future perspectives of efficient N-doped, Fe-doped and (N,Fe)-co-doped titania as visible light active photocatalysts

Cited by 32 publications

References 272 publications

Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with N-Doped TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Obtained in One-Pot Supercritical Synthesis

Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with N-Doped TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Obtained in One-Pot Supercritical Synthesis

Progress on the nanoscale spherical TiO2 photocatalysts: Mechanisms, synthesis and degradation applications

Recent advances in constructing heterojunctions of binary semiconductor photocatalysts for visible light responsiveCO2reduction to energy efficient fuels: A review

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Product

Resources

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Progress on the nanoscale spherical TiO₂ photocatalysts: Mechanisms, synthesis and degradation applications

Recent advances in constructing heterojunctions of binary semiconductor photocatalysts for visible light responsiveCO₂reduction to energy efficient fuels: A review