Comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analyses of eight aroclors and complete PCB congener assignments on DB-1 capillary GC columns

Frame, George M.; Wagner, Robert E.; Carnahan, James C.; Brown, John F.; May, Ralph J.; Smullen, Lynn A.; Bedard, Donna L.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00214-7

Cited by 167 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Wastewater derived from households and industrial activities have been shown to be potential sources of PCBs and can contaminate the surrounding environment through the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (Blanchard et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2007). In recent years, 3,3-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) has gained increasing interest because this congener is normally not found at significant level in common technical PCB mixtures (Frame et al, 1996). Nevertheless, PCB-11 was found at high concentrations in WWTPs in the New York city area (Litten et al, 2002) and even served as a tracer for wastewater effluents (Rodenburg et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in an urban riparian zone affected by wastewater treatment plant effluent and the transfer to terrestrial compartment by invertebrates

Yu¹,

Wang²,

Han³

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in an urban riparian zone affected by wastewater treatment plant effluent and the transfer to terrestrial compartment by invertebrates

Yu¹,

Wang²,

Han³

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), an example of HOCs, are a class of compounds containing from one to ten chlorine atoms bound to a biphenyl molecule (Frame et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of montmorillonite clay in alginate gel beads for polychlorinated biphenyl adsorption: Isothermal and kinetic studies

Barreca

Orecchio

Pace

2014

Applied Clay Science

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Beads of alginate montmorillonite have been used as sorbent for polychlorinated biphenyls from aqueous solutions. The structure and the differences between the different beads were established by IR spectroscopy (FT-IR). The adsorption at 25°C has been studied in a batch system, following its kinetics and assessing adsorbent dose, initial PCB concentrations, and pH effects. The results show that increasing the initial concentration of the PCBs and the adsorption time favored the adsorption. Adsorption isotherm data were modeled using Chapman, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms and the appropriate parameters were calculated. Adsorption of trichlorobiphenyls on alginate-montmorillonite beads followed a Freundlich isotherm type model, while adsorption of tetra-, penta-, and hexachlorobiphenyls displayed a sigmoid-shaped (S-type) isotherm fitting the Chapman sigmoidal equation with the highest non-linear R 2 values among the three tested models. By comparing the percentage adsorptions using the same number of beads (same volumes), best removals were obtained by using alginate montmorillonite beads. Kinetic models were investigated to determine the mechanism of adsorption showing a best fit for the pseudosecond order model (R 2 from 0.998 to 0.982). Moreover, to underline the effect of montmorillonite in alginate gel beads, we have compared the isothermal adsorption curves between alginate montmorillonite and alginate beads.

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“…The surprising result is an unexpected high abundance of CB-209. Considering the abundances of CB-153, CB-138 and CB-180 (sum near 55 %) according to their persistence, accumulation potential in soil and congener abundance in commercial PCB mixtures most commonly used in Italy and Europe (Frame et al 1996;Breivik et al 2002), the abundance of CB-209 is completely unexplainable based on the commercial PCB mixtures. In addition, its volatility is too low for gas-phase atmospheric transport, but its detection in soil was observed very clearly in every soil sample; all analytical checks confirmed the compound identification (Fig.…”

Section: Pcb Levels In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air and soil from a high-altitude pasture in the Italian Alps: evidence of CB-209 contamination

Tremolada

Guazzoni

Comolli

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study analyses the seasonal trend of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations in air and soil from a high-altitude mountain pasture in the Italian Alps. PCB concentrations in soil were generally comparable to background levels and were lower than those previously measured in the same area. Only CB-209 unexpectedly showed high concentrations with respect to the other congeners. GC-MS-MS identification was very clear, rising a new problem of increasing PCB contamination concerning only CB-209, which is not present in commercial mixtures used in the past in Italy and Europe. Considering all of the congeners, seasonal PCB trends were observed both in air and in soil that were related to the temperature and precipitation measured specifically in the study area. Highly significant relationships were found between the temperature-normalised concentrations in soil and the precipitation amounts. A north/south enrichment factor was present only in soil with rapid early summer revolatilisation kinetics from soil to air and autumn redeposition events from air to soil. Fugacity ratio calculations confirmed these trends. Surface soils respond rapidly to meteorological variables, while subsurface soils respond much more slowly. Seasonal trends were different for the northern and southern sides of the mountain. A detailed picture of the interactions among temperature, precipitation, mountain aspects and soil features was obtained.

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Comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analyses of eight aroclors and complete PCB congener assignments on DB-1 capillary GC columns

Cited by 167 publications

References 28 publications

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in an urban riparian zone affected by wastewater treatment plant effluent and the transfer to terrestrial compartment by invertebrates

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in an urban riparian zone affected by wastewater treatment plant effluent and the transfer to terrestrial compartment by invertebrates

The effect of montmorillonite clay in alginate gel beads for polychlorinated biphenyl adsorption: Isothermal and kinetic studies

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air and soil from a high-altitude pasture in the Italian Alps: evidence of CB-209 contamination

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