Comprehensive Quality Assessment Based Specific Chemical Profiles for Geographic and Tissue Variation in Gentiana rigescens Using HPLC and FTIR Method Combined with Principal Component Analysis

Abstract

Roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of Longdan (Gentiana rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl) were collected from six geographic origins of Yunnan Province (n = 240) to implement the quality assessment based on contents of gentiopicroside, loganic acid, sweroside and swertiamarin and chemical profile using HPLC-DAD and FTIR method combined with principal component analysis (PCA). The content of gentiopicroside (major iridoid glycoside) was the highest in G. rigescens, regardless of tissue and geographic origin. The level of swertiamarin was the lowest, even unable to be detected in samples from Kunming and Qujing. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) between gentiopicroside, loganic acid, sweroside, and swertiamarin were found at inter- or intra-tissues, which were highly depended on geographic origins, indicating the influence of environmental conditions on the conversion and transport of secondary metabolites in G. rigescens. Furthermore, samples were reasonably classified as three clusters along large producing areas where have similar climate conditions, characterized by carbohydrates, phenols, benzoates, terpenoids, aliphatic alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, and so forth. The present work provided global information on the chemical profile and contents of major iridoid glycosides in G. rigescens originated from six different origins, which is helpful for controlling quality of herbal medicines systematically.

Geographic Authentication of Eucommia ulmoides Leaves Using Multivariate Analysis and Preliminary Study on the Compositional Response to Environment

“…Data fusion techniques were used for coalescing information from different instruments to obtain a more accurate and holistic description. It could offset the deficiency among different analytical instruments (Li et al, 2017). In other words, the merging technique could improve the quality of sample chemical profiles and provide complementary information.…”

“…Conventionally, high (ultra) performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector or mass spectrometry is the common tool for analyzing of chemical composition and for determination of EUL's relative content (Niu et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017;Yan et al, 2018). Essential oil and their chemical constituent can be examined through gas chromatography linked with flame ionization or mass spectrometry (Farag et al, 2018;Kfoury et al, 2018).…”

Qualitative discrimination of Chinese dianhong black tea grades based on a handheld spectroscopy system coupled with chemometrics

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely employed to identify and eliminate outliers, reduced the dimensionality of the existing data set, and extracted important information (Chen, Tan, & Lin, 2019; Li, Zhang, Zhao, Huang, & Wang, 2017). The analysis can simplify the data of raw spectra into several variables and eliminate collinearity and reduce the machine learning time while retaining the spectral information correlated with the black tea grades (Subbuthai, Periasamy, & Muruganand, 2012).…”

Quality evaluation of Panax notoginseng using high‐performance liquid chromatography with chemical pattern recognition

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