Comprehensive profiling of serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Salmonella isolates from food animals in China, 2015–2021

Guo, Lili; Xiao, Tianan; Wu, Liqin; Li, Yan; Duan, Xiaoxiao; Liu, Wenhua; Liu, Kaidi; Jin, Wenjie; Ren, Hao; Sun, Jian; Liu, Yahong; Liao, Xiao‐Ping; Zhao, Yongda

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1133241

“…The third-generation cephalosporin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which has bacteriostatic effect on enterobacterium. The resistance rate of E. coli isolated from farm II to Cefotaxime and Ceftriazone was up to more than 50%, which was similar to the study of Guo et al. (2023) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Resistance and virulence gene analysis and molecular typing of Escherichia coli from duck farms in Zhanjiang, China

Luo

¹

,

Liao

²

,

Peng

³

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

2

0

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IntroductionThe widespread use of antibiotics in animal agriculture has increased the resistance of Escherichia coli, and pathogenic E. coli often harbor complex virulence factors. Antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria can cause public health problems. Correlation analyses of the resistance, virulence, and serotype data from the pathogenic bacteria found on farms and in the surrounding environment can thus provide extremely valuable data to help improve public health management.MethodsIn this investigation, we have assessed the drug resistance and virulence genes as well as the molecular typing characteristics of 30 E. coli strains isolated from duck farms in the Zhanjiang area of China. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the drug resistance and virulence genes as well as serotypes, and whole-genome sequencing was used to analyze the multilocus sequence typing.ResultsThe detection rates for the oqxA resistance gene and fimC virulence gene were highest (93.3%, respectively). There were no correlations between the drug resistance and virulence gene numbers in the same strain. The epidemic serotype was O81 (5/24), ST3856 was an epidemic sequence type, and strains I-9 and III-6 carried 11 virulence genes. The E. coli strains from the duck farms in the Zhanjiang area were thus found to have a broad drug resistance spectrum, various virulence genes, complex serotypes, and certain pathogenicity and genetic relationship.DiscussionMonitoring the spread of pathogenic bacteria and the provision of guidance regarding the use of antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industries will be required in the future in the Zhanjiang area.

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Distribution and genetic characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnr among Salmonella strains from chicken in China

Chen,

Liu,

Guo

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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The prevalence and dissemination of the plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance gene qnr in Salmonella are considered serious public health concerns worldwide. So far, no comprehensive large-scale studies have focused on the prevalence and genetic characteristics of the qnr gene in Salmonella isolated from chickens. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, and molecular characteristics of chicken-originated qnr -positive Salmonella strains from chicken farms, slaughterhouses, and markets in 12 provinces of China in 2020–2021. The overall prevalence of the qnr gene was 21.13% (56/265), with the highest prevalence in markets (36.11%, 26/72), followed in farms (17.95%, 21/117), and slaughterhouses (10.53%, 9/76). Only the qnrS and qnrB genes were detected, and the prevalence rate of the qnrS gene (19.25%, 51/265) was higher than that of the qnrB gene (1.89%, 5/265). Whole genome sequencing identified 37 distinct AMR genes and 15 plasmid replicons, and the most frequent mutation in quinolone resistance determining regions was parC (T57S; 91.49%, 43/47). Meanwhile, four different qnrS and two qnrB genetic environments were discovered among 47 qnr -positive Salmonella strains. In total, 21.28% (10/47) of the strains were capable of conjugative transfer, and all were qnrS1 -positive strains, with the majority of transferable plasmids being IncHI2 types ( n = 4). Overall, the prevalence of qnr -positive Salmonella strains from chickens in China and their carriage of multiple resistance and virulence genes and transferable plasmids is a major concern, which calls for continuous surveillance of qnr -positive Salmonella and the development of measures to control its prevalence and transmission. IMPORTANCE Salmonella is a common foodborne pathogen responsible for 155,000 deaths annually worldwide. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are used as first-line drugs for the treatment of Salmonella infections in several countries and regions. However, the emergence and increasing prevalence of the FQ-resistant gene qnr in Salmonella isolated from chickens have been widely reported. Gaining insight into the genetic mechanisms of AMR genes in chicken could lead to the development of preventive measures to control and reduce the risk of drug resistance. In this study, we identified qnr -positive Salmonellae isolated from chickens in different regions of China and their AMR patterns and genome-wide characteristics, providing a theoretical basis for further control of their prevalence and transmission.

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Serovar and sequence type distribution and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella originating from pet animals in Chongqing, China

Zhao,

Wang,

He

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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A total of 334 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 6,223 pet rectal samples collected at 50 pet clinics, 42 pet shops, 7 residential areas, and 4 plazas. Forty serovars were identified that included all strains except for one isolate that did not cluster via self-agglutination, with Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic variant, Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Pomona, and Salmonella Give being the predominant serovars. Fifty-one sequence types were identified among the isolates, and ST198, ST11, ST19, ST451, ST34, and ST155 were the most common. The top four dominant antimicrobials to which isolates were resistant were sulfisoxazole, ampicillin, doxycycline, and tetracycline, and 217 isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The prevalence of β-lactamase genes in Salmonella isolates was 59.6%, and among these isolates, 185 harbored bla TEM , followed by bla CTX-M (66) and bla OXA (10). Moreover, six PMQR genes, namely, including qnrA (4.8%), qnrB (4.2%), qnrD (0.9%), qnrS (18.9%), aac(6')-Ib-cr (16.5%), and oqxB (1.5%), were detected. QRDR mutations (76.6%) were very common in Salmonella isolates, with the most frequent mutation in parC (T57S) (47.3%). Furthermore, we detected six tetracycline resistance genes in 176 isolates, namely, tet (A) (39.5%), tet (B) (8.1%), tet (M) (7.7%), tet (D) (5.4%), tet (J) (3.3%), and tet (C) (1.8%), and three sulfonamide resistance genes in 303 isolates, namely, sul1 (84.4%), sul2 (31.1%), and sul3 (4.2%). Finally, we found 86 isolates simultaneously harboring four types of resistance genes that cotransferred 2–7 resistance genes to recipient bacteria. The frequent occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in dogs and cats, suggests that antibiotic misuse may be driving multidrug-resistant Salmonella among pets. IMPORTANCE Pet-associated human salmonellosis has been reported for many years, and antimicrobial resistance in pet-associated Salmonella has become a serious public health problem and has attracted increasing attention. There are no reports of Salmonella from pets and their antimicrobial resistance in Chongqing, China. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, serovar diversity, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains isolated from pet fecal samples in Chongqing. In addition, β-lactamase, QRDR, PMQR, tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes, and mutations in QRDRs in Salmonella isolates were examined. Our findings demonstrated the diversity of serovars and sequence types of Salmonella isolates. The isolates were widely resistant to antimicrobials, notably with a high proportion of multidrug-resistant strains, which highlights the potential direct or indirect transmission of multidrug-resistant Salmonella from pets to humans. Furthermore, resistance genes were widely prevalent in the isolates, and most of the resistance genes were spread horizontally between strains.

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Comprehensive profiling of serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Salmonella isolates from food animals in China, 2015–2021

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Resistance and virulence gene analysis and molecular typing of Escherichia coli from duck farms in Zhanjiang, China

Resistance and virulence gene analysis and molecular typing of Escherichia coli from duck farms in Zhanjiang, China

Distribution and genetic characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnr among Salmonella strains from chicken in China

Serovar and sequence type distribution and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella originating from pet animals in Chongqing, China

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