Comprehensive primary particulate organic characterization of vehicular exhaust emissions in France

Haddad, Imad El; Marchand, Nicolas; Dron, Julien; Temime-Roussel, Brice; Quivet, Étienne; Wortham, Henri; Jaffrezo, Jeań Luc; Baduel, Christine; Voisin, Didier; Besombes, Jean-Luc; Gille, Grégory

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.001

Cited by 164 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

114

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…PM 2.5 was 5.2 ± 0.3 %, which was significantly lower than that (22.6 ± 3.7 %) in ambient PM 2.5 . The contribution of HULIS-C to the TC of diesel soot was about 0.7 %, which was similar to the 1.0-1.3 % reported for vehicular exhaust in El Haddad et al (2009). These very low HULIS-C/TC ratios also suggest that the primary vehicular exhaust source for atmospheric HULIS may be negligible.…”

Section: H-nmr Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The combustion of coal is an important source of atmospheric aerosols in China. In addition, the soot particles derived from the combustion of diesel fuel was also studied because vehicular emissions have been suggested to be a possible source of atmospheric HULIS (El Haddad et al, 2009). The biomass materials including rice straw, corn straw, and pine branches were collected from rural areas of Guangdong province, and the coal (the vitrinite reflectance (R o ) is 0.77 %) was obtained from Ping Ding Shan, China.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These atmospheric HULIS materials are found ubiquitously in various environments, and are derived from various sources. Their possible sources include biomass burning (BB; Feczko et al, 2007;Baduel et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2010a), vehicular emissions (El Haddad et al, 2009), marine emissions (Krivacsy et al, 2008), the oxidation of soot Li et al, 2013Li et al, , 2015, and secondary processes via the transformation of gas-and condensed-phase species by chemical reactions (Salma et al, 2007;Baduel et al, 2010;Salma et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) in smoke fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) emitted from the combustion of biomass materials (rice straw, corn straw, and pine branch) and fossil fuels (lignite coal and diesel fuel) were comprehensively studied in this work. The HULIS fractions were first isolated with a one-step solid-phase extraction method, and were then investigated with a series of analytical techniques: elemental analysis, total organic carbon analysis, UV-vis (ultraviolet-visible) spectroscopy, excitationemission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that HULIS account for 11.2-23.4 and 5.3 % of PM 2.5 emitted from biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion, respectively. In addition, contributions of HULIS-C to total carbon and water-soluble carbon in smoke PM 2.5 emitted from BB are 8.0-21.7 and 56.9-66.1 %, respectively. The corresponding contributions in smoke PM 2.5 from coal combustion are 5.2 and 45.5 %, respectively. These results suggest that BB and coal combustion are both important sources of HULIS in atmospheric aerosols. However, HULIS in diesel soot only accounted for ∼ 0.8 % of the soot particles, suggesting that vehicular exhaust may not be a significant primary source of HULIS. Primary HULIS and atmospheric HULIS display many similar chemical characteristics, as indicated by the instrumental analytical characterization, while some distinct features were also apparent. A high spectral absorbance in the UV-vis spectra, a distinct band at λ ex /λ em ≈ 280/350 nm in EEM spectra, lower H / C and O / C molar ratios, and a high content of [Ar-H] were observed for primary HULIS. These results suggest that primary HULIS contain more aromatic structures, and have a lower content of aliphatic and oxygen-containing groups than atmospheric HULIS. Among the four primary sources of HULIS, HULIS from BB had the highest O / C molar ratios (0.43-0.54) and [H-C-O] content (10-19 %), indicating that HULIS from this source mainly consisted of carbohydrate-and phenolic-like structures. HULIS from coal combustion had a lower O / C molar ratio (0.27) and a higher content of [Ar-H] (31 %), suggesting that aromatic compounds were extremely abundant in HULIS from this source. Moreover, the absorption Ångström exponents of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion were 6.7-8.2 and 13.6, respectively. The mass absorption efficiencies of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion at 365 nm (MAE 365 ) were 0.97-2.09 and 0.63 m 2 gC −1 , respectively. Noticeably higher MAE 365 values for primary HULIS from BB than coal combustion indicate that the former has a stronger contribution to the light-absorbing properties of aerosols in the atmospheric environment.

show abstract

Section: H-nmr Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HULIS related with vehicular exhaust in road tunnel (El Haddad et al, 2009) and kerbside (Salma et al, 2007) was found to constitute 5% to PM 2.5 . However, no direct evidence of HULIS was presented from vehicular exhaust, and thus it was more likely due to ambient background contamination.…”

Section: Hulis Associated With Coal Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 in Lanzhou, China

Tan

Xiang

Zhou

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was applied to quantify HULIS (humic-like substances) for the first time in 2012 winter and 2013 summer at an urban site in Lanzhou. Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous species (OC/EC) were also analyzed. The results show that OM (Organic Matter = OC × 1.6, constituting 45.8% to PM 2.5 ) was the most abundant species, followed by SNA (SO 4 2− + NO 3 − + NH 4 + , constituting 23.4% to PM 2.5 ). The chemical species were in the order of:The annual average concentration of HULIS was 4.70 μg/m −3 and HULISc (carbon content of HULIS) contributed 6.19% to PM 2.5 and 45.6% to WSOC, indicating that HULIS was the most important components of WSOC. The concentration of HULIS was 2.14 ± 0.80 μg/m 3 in summer and 7.24 ± 2.77 μg/m 3 in winter,respectively. The concentrations of HULIS were relatively low and stable in summer, while high and varied dramatically in winter. The abundance of HULISc in WSOC shows a more concentrated distribution in Lanzhou, with a range between 0.28-0.57. The ratios of HULIS/K + were 6.25 ± 1.41 and 6.14 ± 1.96 in summer and winter, respectively, suggesting there were other significant sources in addition to biomass burning emissions. HULIS and WSOC exhibited similar seasonal variation and had a strong positive correlation. In addition to the good relationship (0.89) between HULIS and Cl − in winter, the great enhancement of HULIS with significantly high Cl − and relatively low K + in winter indicated that residential coal burning was probably an important HULIS source in Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v winter. Correlation and back trajectory analysis suggested that biomass burning and secondary formation were also important HULIS sources and the contribution of HULIS from dust could be neglected. Adverse meteorological conditions were also important factors for the accumulation of HULIS in winter.

show abstract

“…However, phenyl-modified stationary phases can also be employed for the separation of PAHs and their oxidised derivatives, with methanol and water used as a mobile phase [97]. Even if Ultra-Violet detectors can be used to detect PAHs and nitroPAHs [98], fluorescence detectors are more frequently employed for PAHs because of their greater sensitivity and selectivity, even if one of the sixteen priority PAHs cannot be detected (acenaphtylene) [56]. Nitro-PAHs must be derivatised to be fluorescent (reduction to the amine), and other more appropriate detectors can be employed for their detection, such as chemiluminescence or coulometric detectors [17].…”

Section: High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methodologies for the Control of Particle-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds from Diesel Engine Exhaust

Portet‐Koltalo¹,

Machour²

2013

Diesel Engine - Combustion, Emissions and Condition Monitoring

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Comprehensive primary particulate organic characterization of vehicular exhaust emissions in France

Cited by 164 publications

References 35 publications

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 in Lanzhou, China

Analytical Methodologies for the Control of Particle-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds from Diesel Engine Exhaust

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Comprehensive primary particulate organic characterization of vehicular exhaust emissions in France

Cited by 164 publications

References 35 publications

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 in Lanzhou, China

Analytical Methodologies for the Control of Particle-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds from Diesel Engine Exhaust

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels