Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks (COMPASS): A Mission Concept to Jupiter’s Extreme Magnetosphere to Address Fundamental Mysteries in Heliophysics

Clark, G.; Kinnison, Jim; Kelly, Dan; Kollmann, P.; Li, Wen; Jaynes, A. N.; Blum, L. W.; Marshall, Robert C.; Turner, D. L.; Cohen, Ian J.; Ukhorskiy, A. Y.; Mauk, B. H.; Roussos, E.; Nénon, Quentin; Drozdov, Sasha; Li, Xinlin; Woodfield, E. E.; Dunn, W. R.; Berland, Grant; Kraft, Ralph; Williams, Peter; Smith, T.; Sorathia, Kareem; Sciola, Anthony; Hospodarsky, G. B.; Wu, X.; O'Brian, Paul; Looper, M. D.; Sicard, A.; Santo, Andy; Leary, Meagan; Haapala, Amanda F.; Siddique, Fazle; Donegan, Michelle; Clare, Ben; Emmell, Derek; Slack, Kim; Wirzburger, John H.; Sepúlveda, Daniel; Roufberg, Lew; Perry, Jackie; Schellhase, John; Pergosky, Darrius; Able, Liz; O'Neill, M.; Fernandes, Cris; Chattopadhyay, Debabrata; Bibelhauser, Samuel; Kijewski, Seth; Pulkowski, Joe; Furrow, Mike

doi:10.22541/essoar.167751608.84818747/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Fig. 1 Artistic illustration of the CRAND process at Jupiter with the GCR cutoff rigidities at its magnetosphere [14,15].…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel mission concept to probe these fundamental science investigations, in addition to other mysteries, is being developed by NASA, but has significant international contributions. The mission concept is called Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks (COMPASS) and was funded by NASA in preparation for the 2024-2033 National Academies of Science Decadal Survey in Solar and Space Physics ( [15]). COMPASS is designed to explore the uncharted and hazardous regions of Jupiter's radiation belts with highly capable instrumentation.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relativistic Particle Measurements in Jupiter’s Magnetosphere with Pix.PAN

Hulsman

Azzarello

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Pix.PAN is a compact cylindrical magnetic spectrometer, intended to provide excellent high energy particle measurements under high rate and hostile operating conditions in space. Its principal design is composed of 2 Halbach-array magnetic sectors and 6 Timepix4-based tracking layers; the latest hybrid silicon pixel detector readout ASIC designed. Due to Pix.PAN's compact and relatively simple design, it has the potential to be used for space missions exploring with measurements of unprecedented precision, high energy particles in radiation belts and the heliophere (solar energetic particles, anomalous and galactic cosmic rays). In this white paper, we discuss the design and expected performance of Pix.PAN for COMPASS (Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks), a mission concept submitted to NASA’s Call "B.16 Heliophysics Mission Concept Studies (HMCS)" in 2021 that targets the extreme high energy particle environment of Jupiter's inner radiation belts. We also discuss PixPAN's operational conditions and interface requirements. The conceptual design shows that is possible to achieve an energy resolution of <12% for electrons in the range of 10MeV-1GeV and <35% for protons between ~200MeV to a few GeV. Due to the timestamp precision of Timepix4, a time resolution (on an instrument level) of about 100ps can be achieved for time-of-flight measurements. In the most intense radiation environments of the COMPASS mission, Pix.PAN is expected to have a maximum hit rate of 44MHz/cm2 which is below the design limit of 360MHz/cm2 of Timepix4. Finally, a sensor design is proposed which allows the instrument to operate with a power budget of 20W without the loss of scientific performance.

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“…Fig. 1 Artistic illustration of the CRAND process at Jupiter with the GCR cutoff rigidities at its magnetosphere [14,15].…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativistic Particle Measurements in Jupiter’s Magnetosphere with Pix.PAN

Hulsman

Azzarello

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…In companion white papers submitted to the Decadal (Clark+, 2022;Kollmann+, 2022;Turner+, 2022), we present the case for exploration of the fundamental electromagnetic processes that govern particle acceleration and loss in heliophysics, by exploring the natural laboratories presented within the Jovian radiation belts, in particular through the NASA-funded mission concept Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks (COMPASS -Clark+, 2022). Here, we focus specifically on the use of X-rays to provide global context to single-point in-situ particle and field measurements, to offer new insights into the dynamics that govern such systems and to address fundamental questions in heliophysics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Fundamental Particle Acceleration and Loss Processes in Heliophysics through an Orbiting X-ray Instrument in the Jovian System

Dunn,

Berland,

Roussos

et al. 2023

Bulletin of the AAS

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Synopsis: Jupiter's magnetosphere is considered to be the most powerful particle accelerator in the Solar System, accelerating electrons from eV to >70 MeV and ions to GeV energies. How electromagnetic processes drive energy and particle flows, producing and removing energetic particles, is at the heart of Heliophysics. Particularly, the 2013 Decadal Strategy for Solar and Space Physics was to "Discover and characterize fundamental processes that occur both within the heliosphere and throughout the universe". The Jovian system offers an ideal natural laboratory to investigate all of the universal processes highlighted in the previous Decadal.The X-ray waveband has been widely used to remotely study plasma across astrophysical systems. The Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray Observatories alone have produced >14,000 refereed publications (>120,000 citations) to date. However, for <1% of these works the systems explored are within reach of in-situ measurements. The majority of astrophysical emissions can be grouped into 5 X-ray processes: fluorescence, thermal/coronal, scattering, charge exchange and particle acceleration. The Jovian system offers perhaps the only system that presents a rich catalog of all of these X-ray emission processes and can also be visited in-situ, affording the special possibility to directly link fundamental plasma processes with their resulting X-ray signatures. This offers invaluable ground-truths for astrophysical objects beyond the reach of in-situ exploration (e.g., brown dwarfs, magnetars or galaxy clusters that map the cosmos).Here, we show how coupling in-situ measurements with in-orbit X-ray observations of Jupiter's radiation belts, Galilean satellites, Io Torus, and atmosphere addresses fundamental heliophysics questions with wide-reaching impact across helio-and astrophysics, including:

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Relativistic particle measurement in jupiter’s magnetosphere with Pix.PAN

Hulsman,

Wu,

Azzarello

et al. 2023

Exp Astron

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Pix.PAN is a compact cylindrical magnetic spectrometer, intended to provide excellent high energy particle measurements under high rate and hostile operating conditions in space. Its principal design is composed of two Halbach-array magnetic sectors and six Timepix4-based tracking layers; the latest hybrid silicon pixel detector readout ASIC designed. Due to Pix.PAN’s compact and relatively simple design, it has the potential to be used for space missions exploring with measurements of unprecedented precision, high energy particles in radiation belts and the heliophere (solar energetic particles, anomalous and galactic cosmic rays). In this white paper, we discuss the design and expected performance of Pix.PAN for COMPASS (Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks), a mission concept submitted to NASA’s Call “B.16 Heliophysics Mission Concept Studies (HMCS)” in 2021 that targets the extreme high energy particle environment of Jupiter’s inner radiation belts. We also discuss PixPAN’s operational conditions and interface requirements. The conceptual design shows that is possible to achieve an energy resolution of<12% for electrons in the range of 10 MeV-1 GeV and<35% for protons between $$\sim $$ ∼ 200 MeV to a few GeV. Due to the timestamp precision of Timepix4, a time resolution (on an instrument level) of about 100 ps can be achieved for time-of-flight measurements. In the most intense radiation environments of the COMPASS mission, Pix.PAN is expected to have a maximum hit rate of 44$$\frac{\text {MHz}}{\text {cm}^2}$$ MHz cm 2 which is below the design limit of 360$$\frac{\text {MHz}}{\text {cm}^2}$$ MHz cm 2 of Timepix4. Finally, a sensor design is proposed which allows the instrument to operate with a power budget of 20W without the loss of scientific performance.

show abstract

Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks (COMPASS): A Mission Concept to Jupiter’s Extreme Magnetosphere to Address Fundamental Mysteries in Heliophysics

Abstract: Exhibit 1-2: Jupiter's magnetosphere contains the largest range of ion masses and charge states-making it easier to probe fundamental processes that also exist Earth, i.e., mass vs. charge dependent acceleration (from Hamilton et al., 2005).

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

Relativistic Particle Measurements in Jupiter’s Magnetosphere with Pix.PAN

Relativistic Particle Measurements in Jupiter’s Magnetosphere with Pix.PAN

Exploring Fundamental Particle Acceleration and Loss Processes in Heliophysics through an Orbiting X-ray Instrument in the Jovian System

Relativistic particle measurement in jupiter’s magnetosphere with Pix.PAN

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