Comprehensive New Insights and Perspectives into Ti‐Based Anodes for Next‐Generation Alkaline Metal (Na⁺, K⁺) Ion Batteries

Abstract

Sodium ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium ion batteries (KIBs) are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems, with a similar “rocking chair” working principle to lithium ion batteries due to their earth abundance and lower cost. One of the major challenges in NIB research is the search for suitable anode materials with long lifetimes and high specific capacities. The research on KIBs is still in its infancy. Titanium‐based anodes present low lattice strain, high safety, and overall stability during cycling, which make them promising for large‐scale systems, especially for stationary batteries. In this review, the latest progress on titanium‐based anodes for NIBs and KIBs is summarized, including titanium dioxide and its composite, Na x TiO2 systems, NaTi2(PO4)3, titanates, and MXenes. The synthesis methods, modification methods, and sodium or potassium ion storage mechanisms of titanium‐based anodes are detailed; also the current challenges and future opportunities are discussed.

Surface‐Confined SnS2@C@rGO as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Sodium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries

“…Among the emerging battery systems based on earth‐abundant metals, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted a lot of attention owing to the similar electrochemistry as LIBs . Hence, there is a strong interest towards developing high‐performance anode and cathode materials for SIBs .…”

“…Among the emerging battery systemsb ased on earth-abundant metals, [3][4][5][6] sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted al ot of attention owing to the similare lectrochemistry as LIBs. [7,8] Hence, there is as trong interestt owardsd eveloping high-performance anode and cathode materials for SIBs. [9,10] Specifically, owing on the high specific capacity and low cost, [11] SnS 2based materials have been regarded as ap romisinga node material for SIBs.…”

Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

“…In general, there are three major categories of electrolytes for KIBs, namely aqueous, ionic and organic electrolytes. The key properties that should be considered while selecting these electrolyte for battery application are, electrochemical/chemical/thermal stability, wide electrochemical potential window, good ion conducting and electron insulating properties, non‐toxic and economical nature . The different electrolytes used for different electrodes to enhance their performance are reviewed in the electrode section.…”

“…The key properties that should be considered while selecting these electrolyte for battery application are, electrochemical/chemical/thermal stability, wide electrochemical potential window, good ion conducting and electron insulating properties, non-toxic and economical nature. [184][185][186] The different electrolytes used for different electrodes to enhance their performance are reviewed in the electrode section. In the following section, the recent advancement in different category of electrolyte will be analyzed in detail.…”

Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 with Tunable Morphology Using l‐Cysteine and Its Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties

“…[4] Moreover, as a zero-strain insertion material, LTO possesses excellent lithium ion insertion/extraction reversibility and structural stability during charge/discharge process. [5] Despite these advantages, LTO shows poor electronic conductivity (< 10 À 13 S cm À 1 ) and relatively low lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, which limits its high rate performance. [6] To overcome these hurdles, various strategies have been proposed, including reducing particle size, [7] optimizing morphology, [8] ion or nonmetal ion doping in Li,Ti and O sites,[9] coating with conductive additives [10] such as MOF-derived carbon materials.…”