Comprehensive Model of Synthetic Bayer Liquors. Part 1. Overview

Königsberger, Erich; Eriksson, G.; May, and Peter M.; Hefter, Glenn

doi:10.1021/ie050024k

Cited by 40 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Recently, a Pitzer model that describes the thermodynamic properties of Bayer liquor solutions, consisting of the components NaOH + NaAl(OH) 4 + Na 2 CO 3 + Na 2 SO 4 + NaCl + NaF + Na 2 C 2 O 4 (sodium oxalate) + NaHCOO (sodium formate) + NaCH 3 COO (sodium acetate) + H 2 O, has been developed [1]. The model is primarily based on experimentally determined densities and heat capacities [2][3][4][5][6], which are integrated to give Gibbs energies.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Consistencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these, a Gibbs energy minimization algorithm calculates, in a thermodynamically consistent manner, enthalpies, and the activity and osmotic coefficients of these solutions as well as the solubilities of relevant solid phases, including gibbsite (Al(OH) 3 ), boehmite (AlOOH), and the "impurities" sodium oxalate and kogarkoite (Na 3 FSO 4 ) [7], in Bayer liquors over concentration and temperature ranges of industrial interest. The modeling software developed in our laboratory is known as BAYER.EXE [1].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Consistencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the carbonate ion is the thermo dynamically stable form of carbon under (aerobic) Bayer process conditions, benzoate, succi- nate, acetate, formate, and particularly oxalate are found to be (meta-)stable in 6 mol kg -1 NaOH solution for up to five weeks at temperatures up to 180 °C [21]. The last three of these sodium carboxylates are currently incorporated in our Bayer liquor model [1]. Organic impurities are known to affect the physicochemical properties of the liquor, including density, heat capacity, and gibbsite solubility.…”

Section: Organic Compounds In the Bayer Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent thermodynamic process simulation of the Bayer circuit [22], a library of subroutines for thermochemical calculations, ChemApp [23], was combined with our Bayer liquor model [1]. A FORTRAN code was specifically developed to simulate the liquor cycle of the Bayer process from digestion, clarification, precipitation, evaporation, and back to digestion, including flash cooling and heating steps.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Simulation Of Impurity Transport Through An Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, our thermodynamically consistent Bayer liquor model [1] covers temperature and concentration ranges from boehmite digestion to gibbsite precipitation in this Bayer process simulation [22]. The potential energy savings of modifying the process to precipitate boehmite could also be explored, and possible reductions in the overall energy consumption of the Bayer process were identified [22].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Simulation Of Impurity Transport Through An Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solubility and related properties in hydrometallurgy

Königsberger

Hefter

May

2009

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Thermodynamically consistent models based on accurately measured data are required for reliable predictions of equilibria and thermodynamic properties for a wide variety of multicomponent, multiphase systems and reactions relevant to hydrometallurgy. Recent developments in our laboratory concerning the measurement and modeling of physicochemical properties of electrolyte solutions over wide ranges of conditions are reviewed. Particular emphasis is on applications to the refining of alumina via the Bayer process, in which various solubility phenomena involving solid, aqueous, and gaseous phases are of critical importance to product yield and purity as well as to economical and environmental sustainability. Appropriately designed models and software allow these aspects to be tackled by thermodynamic process simulations of alumina refinery circuits.

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