Abstract. The rock drillability measurements are usually conducted at atmospheric pressure, the results deviate heavily from the real Rock Drillability under complex bottom hole stress conditions. In this paper, a newly devised rock drillability testing apparatus with a cone bit is utilized to investigate the rock drillability under various bottom hole differential pressures and different effective stress conditions. The experimental results showed that both bottom hole differential pressure and effective stress have great impact on rock drillability: the smaller the bottom hole differential pressure, the smaller the formation rock drillability index and thus the easier to break the rock; the greater the effective stress, the larger the formation rock drillability index and thus the harder to crush the rock. Mathematical statistics methods have been applied to analyze the correlation between rock drillability index and bottom hole differential pressure, effective stress as well as the rock drillability index at atmospheric pressure. This model provided an important approach to forecast rock drillability under various bottom hole differential pressure conditions based on rock drillability measured at atmospheric pressure. Compared to directly testing under bottom hole stresses, this method is easier to conduct and cost saving.