Comprehensive metabolomic variations of hawthorn before and after insect infestation based on the combination analysis of 1H NMR and UPLC-MS

3α-Hydroxylup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic Acid as a Phytogenic Chemical Marker for Authenticating Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms Monofloral Honey

“…For example, compounds 1, 3, 5, 10, 18, 19, and 23 with [M − H] − at m / z 205.0505, m / z 323.1311, m / z 517.1772, m / z 285.0744, m / z 159.1015, m / z 201.1134, and m / z 1117.5216, respectively, exhibit similar mass spectral information with vinyl caffeate, phaseollinisoflavan, lupiwighteone hydrate 7-glucoside, 3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan, 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, sebacic acid, and tragopogonsaponin D as shown in the HMDB database. Among them, vinyl caffeate, phaseollinisoflavan, lupiwighteone hydrate 7-glucoside, and 3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan, belonging to phytochemicals, were previously found in Isodon amethystoides tea, common bean, hawthorn, and Platymiscium floribundum, respectively. The identified fatty acids, 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and sebacic acid, were also previously detected in royal jelly. , Besides, compound 14 gave a molecular ion at m / z 535.3077 [M − H] − with the inferred molecular formula C 30 H 48 O 6 S, which generated fragment ions at m / z 491.1750 [M − H − CO 2 ] − , m / z 439.1693 [M − H − SO 4 ] − , and m / z 393.1708 [M − H − H 2 O − CO − SO 4 ] − .…”

“…Among the identified compounds, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, hesperetin, and galangin, belonging to phenolics and their derivatives, were confirmed according to the information obtained by the corresponding standards, including retention time and mass spectra. Among them, vinyl caffeate, phaseollinisoflavan, lupiwighteone hydrate 7-glucoside, and 3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan, belonging to phytochemicals, were previously found in Isodon amethystoides tea, 40 common bean, hawthorn, 41 and Platymiscium floribundum, 42 respectively. The identified fatty acids, 3hydroxyoctanoic acid and sebacic acid, were also previously detected in royal jelly.…”