Comprehensive mapping of the exterior architecture of the dromedary camel brain

Abstract

The morphological perspective of the camel brain remains largely unexplored. Therefore, studying the topography of the camel brain is of crucial importance. This study aimed to provide a detailed color-coded topographic representation of the camel brain's gross anatomy and nomenclature, showing its various gyri and sulci and their borders. We compared them to previously known information to develop a detailed description of camel brain exterior architecture. Our research identified distinctive gyri and sulci with discrete positions and surrounding structures, allowing us to define sulci boundaries and establish logical gyri nomenclature. This study uncovered previously overlooked gyri and sulci and improved descriptions of specific sulci. The ectomarginal sulcus, splenial sulcus, splenial gyrus, and ectogenual gyrus are a few examples. These findings highlight several unique anatomical features of the dromedary brain, which can guide future research. By providing a comprehensive examination of the distinctive exterior anatomical features of the camel brain, this study may serve as a point of convergence for all researchers, providing more accurate identification of the gyri and sulci.

Anatomy of the brain of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) using magnetic resonance imaging

“…In this study, the capybara sulci and gyri were named for their similar location and orientation to those described in the previous descriptions in the capybara (Campos & Welker, 1976;Ferreira et al, 2022) and in the dog (Hermanson et al, 2019). The capybara presented a higher proportional degree of neocortilization than other cavioid rodent (Ferreira et al, 2022); however, this neocortilization is lower than that described for other mammals such as elephant (Shoshani et al, 2006), giraffe (Graïc et al, 2017), African wild dog (Chengetanai et al, 2020), and dromedary camel (Al Aiyan et al, 2024). Probably, the high degree of neocortilization implies a greater capacity for information processing in the neocortex, which is necessary to establish a complex social relationship which is the case of capybaras (Bertrand et al, 2016;Ferreira et al, 2022;Herrera & MacDonald, 1987;Kudo & Dunbar, 2001).…”

Comprehensive analysis of the rostral and caudal cerebral artery branching patterns in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

“…Identifying and characterizing the branches of the rostral and caudal cerebral arteries in camels is challenging because of the lack of previous research. This study evaluates the courses and branches of the rostral and caudal cerebral arteries based on their respective supply ( 17 ).…”