Comprehensive major, minor and trace element analysis of a submarine polymetallic nodule by wavelength‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

Cai, Shulin; Guo, Yulin; Li, Jie

doi:10.1002/xrs.1300210107

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Lithium tetraborate was used as a flux according to other researchers' experience. [9,10,30] To reduce the viscosity of the melt, the mass of the calcined sample was decreased to 0.25 g (the dilution rate was 1:30) and the volume of the releasing agent was increased to 10 drops. The single fusion (even with increased exposition) not always allowed to get glass; therefore, the fusion carried out in two steps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These advantages make WDXRF preferable for routine analysis of ferromanganese nodules. [6,9,10] There are two widely used preparation techniques for WDXRF analysis of geological samples: the pressing of powders [11,12] and the homogenization by fusion with flux. [11,13] The use of pressed pellets allows us to obtain a high intensity of analytical lines and to evaluate both the total content of elements and their valence state in ferromanganese nodules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X‐ray fluorescence determination of major elements in ferromanganese nodules

2020

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In this article, the X‐ray fluorescence technique is proposed for the quantitative determination of major elements in ferromanganese nodules and crusts, which is a necessary stage of the oceanic ferromanganese deposits investigation and development. The research was performed using a wavelength‐dispersive spectrometer S4 Pioneer (Bruker AXS, Germany). Certified reference materials of ferromanganese nodules, cobalt‐bearing ferromanganese crusts and pelagic sediments were dried and prepared by two different techniques: the pressing of powder samples on a boric acid substrate and the homogenization by fusion with lithium tetraborate in an electric furnace at 1050°C. For each sample preparation technique, different forms of calibration curves (linear or quadratic) and methods of matrix effect correction (fundamental parameters or empirical intensities coefficients) were examined. The uncertainty of the proposed technique was assessed by analyzing the certified reference material FeMn‐1 and by comparison with the atomic absorption spectrometry, flame photometry and spectrophotometry results. Analysis of both fused beads and pressed pellets provides a quantitative determination of the major elements in the oceanic ferromanganese nodules.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray fluorescence determination of major elements in ferromanganese nodules

2020

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X‐Ray fluorescence analysis of base metal sulphide and iron–manganese oxide ore samples in fused glass disc

1994

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A procedure for the wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence determination of major, minor and trace elements in fused discs of base metal sulphide ores and of iron-manganese oxide ores is described. The objective was to obtain reasonable chemical analyses of ore samples of a wide compositional range. Owing to the scarcity of well characterized geochemical reference ore samples, calibration was done with synthetic glass disc standards. The concentration range and the association of the elements considered in the standards take into account the geochemistry of most ore types. A fusion method with a high dilution ratio (sample-to-lithium tetraborate ratio = 1 : 10) was used to reduce the matrix effects. This allows a direct comparison of the synthetic standards with unknown geological sample discs. Two different methods of data reduction of the measured intensities were tested: (1) intensity-based correction method for the determination of major, minor and trace elements and (2) peak/background ratio method for the determination of minor and trace elements. A critical evaluation of the reproducibility, as judged from duplicate analyses, and the accuracy, estimated by comparison with international reference materials, showed the procedure to be capable of obtaining reasonable chemical analyses for most elements of geological interest.

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