Comprehensive Guide to Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach: Step-by-Step Technique

Abstract

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that offers safety comparable to conventional open thyroidectomy, with the added benefit of superior cosmetic outcomes due to the absence of visible scars. This innovative approach is gaining popularity worldwide as an alternative for patients seeking thyroid surgery without postoperative scarring. TOETVA involves positioning the patient supine with slight neck extension under general anesthesia. The procedure uses three trocars placed via midline and lateral incisions, with a 10-mm 30-degree laparoscope for visualization. Preoperative care includes cleaning the surgical area and administering intravenous antibiotics to prevent infection. The technique mirrors conventional thyroidectomy but utilizes standard laparoscopic instruments. It emphasizes the precise identification and preservation of critical anatomical structures, such as the cricoid cartilage, thyroid isthmus, trachea, carotid artery, superior laryngeal nerve, and recurrent laryngeal nerve. The use of an energy device and careful dissection help minimize bleeding and reduce nerve injury risks. Superior pole management and meticulous handling of the thyroid lobe ensures optimal outcomes. The growing popularity of TOETVA indicates a shift toward minimally invasive thyroid surgery, with TOETVA emerging as a leading method. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the procedure, highlighting its benefits and critical aspects of its successful implementation.