Comprehensive Genome Analysis on the Novel Species Sphingomonas panacis DCY99T Reveals Insights into Iron Tolerance of Ginseng

Abstract

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria play vital roles not only in plant growth, but also in reducing biotic/abiotic stress. Sphingomonas panacis DCY99T is isolated from soil and root of Panax ginseng with rusty root disease, characterized by raised reddish-brown root and this is seriously affects ginseng cultivation. To investigate the relationship between 159 sequenced Sphingomonas strains, pan-genome analysis was carried out, which suggested genomic diversity of the Sphingomonas genus. Comparative analysis of S. panacis DCY99T with Sphingomonas sp. LK11 revealed plant growth-promoting potential of S. panacis DCY99T through indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilizing, and antifungal abilities. Detailed genomic analysis has shown that S. panacis DCY99T contain various heavy metals resistance genes in its genome and the plasmid. Functional analysis with Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA505 predicted that S. panacis DCY99T possess genes for degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds in rusty-ginseng root. Interestingly, when primed ginseng with S. panacis DCY99T during high concentration of iron exposure, iron stress of ginseng was suppressed. In order to detect S. panacis DCY99T in soil, biomarker was designed using spt gene. This study brings new insights into the role of S. panacis DCY99T as a microbial inoculant to protect ginseng plants against rusty root disease.

Sphingomonas corticis sp. nov., and Sphingobacterium corticibacterium sp. nov., from bark canker

“…In addition, some species are associated with plant and human disease, such as Sphingomonas sanguinis (a causal agent of dry rot of mango) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (human pathologen) [9, 10]. The species of the genus also show multifaceted functions, such as remediation of environmental contamination, production highly beneficial phytohormones and the degradation of organometallic compounds [11].…”

Genomic Characterization of Potential Plant Growth-Promoting Features of Sphingomonas Strains Isolated from the International Space Station

“…They possess diverse catabolic capabilities; for instance, assimilation of different types of complex sugars, including polysaccharides, was reported ( 2 ). Some species are tolerant to copper, resulting in biofilm formation and eventually surface corrosion ( 4 ), and some aid in herbicide mineralization or degradation of pollutants ( 5 – 7 ). Sphingomonas paucimobilis has been isolated from the International Space Station (ISS) potable drinking water ( 8 ), ISS surfaces ( 9 ), and hospital clinical specimens and is known to cause rare infections in immunocompromised individuals ( 2 , 10 , 11 ).…”

“…Recent reports have identified the role of some Sphingomonas species in plant growth promotion ( 5 , 12 – 14 ). Microorganisms aid in plant growth promotion via different mechanisms, including secreting metabolites like phytohormones, solubilizing phosphate, fixating nitrogen, inducing stress response pathways, or acting as biocontrol agents ( 5 , 14 – 19 ). Phytohormones play a significant role in plant metabolism and defense mechanisms ( 20 ).…”

“…LK11 also revealed genes for hydrogen peroxide production that enhance plant growth, seed germination, and root colonization, genes for phosphate uptake, osmotic stress, and heavy metal stress ( 15 ). Genomic analysis of Sphingomonas panacis DCY99 T isolated from the roots of Panax ginseng identified genes for IAA production, phosphate solubilization, heavy metal stress tolerance, and degradation of phenolic compounds ( 5 ). Furthermore, Sphingomonas sp.…”

Bacterial endophytes: Molecular interactions with their hosts

“…To detect S. panacis DCY99T in soil, biomarker was designed using spt gene. S. panacis DCY99T is a potential microbial inoculant to protect ginseng plants against rusty root disease [209].…”