“…691 Earlier-generation dialyzer membranes composed of cuprophane or unmodified cellulose were more bioincompatible and had the potential to cause a “dialyzer membrane reaction”, mediated by complement activation, release of proinflammatory markers, and oxidative stress, and manifested clinically by acute hypotension, vasodilatation, leucopenia, hypoxia and fever. 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697 More recently, modified cellulosic membranes (with substitution of the hydroxyl groups) and synthetic membranes composed of polyacylnitrile, polysulfone, or poly(methyl methacrylate) have been developed. These “biocompatible membranes” (or less bioincompatible membranes) produce less complement and cytokine activation, and decrease oxidative stress.…”