Comprehensive European dietary exposure model (CEDEM) for food additives

Tennant, David R.

doi:10.1080/19440049.2016.1166898

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Food consumption data were taken from the published version of the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database at Level L3 (23) . The national surveys were extracted into the Comprehensive European Dietary Exposure Model (52) , a dietary exposure model based on the methodology of the original EFSA Food Additive Intake Model in which the population average and consumers only 95th percentile intake (P95) from each food category is calculated (53) . Exposure assessment is defined as the evaluation of the likely intake of biological, chemical or physical agents via food as well as other sources and routes (54) .…”

Section: Modelling Consumer Intake Of Naturally Occurring Phloridzinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of phloridzin from natural occurrence in foods

Niederberger¹,

Tennant

Bellion

2020

Br J Nutr

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major diseases of our times. Besides being a considerable inconvenience for the patient, the associated healthcare expenses are tremendous. One of the cornerstones of T2DM prevention is a healthy diet, including a variety of fruits and vegetables. Apples are touted to have health benefits, and the apple polyphenol, phloridzin, has gained interest in recent years as it can reduce intestinal sugar uptake by inhibition of the Na/glucose cotransporter 1. By researching the amount of phloridzin in different food sources and linking them to their consumption data, we could estimate the average and high-level phloridzin consumption in Europe. On average, European people consume 0·7–7·5 mg/d phloridzin, the main contributors being apples and apple juice. High-level consumers may get up to 52 mg/d of phloridzin. Older people are more at risk of developing T2DM, yet they consume less phloridzin than adolescents and adults, as determined by our survey. Management of blood glucose levels might be improved by the consumption of phloridzin, as has been shown in recent clinical trials; these trials used phloridzin-enriched apple extract at doses exceeding those from normal food consumption. There are, however, indications that consumption of average to high levels of phloridzin via food might also contribute to reduced sugar load and a reduction in T2DM risk.

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Section: Modelling Consumer Intake Of Naturally Occurring Phloridzinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of phloridzin from natural occurrence in foods

Niederberger¹,

Tennant

Bellion

2020

Br J Nutr

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“…The exposure assessment was based on the summary statistics from the EFSA Comprehensive European Consumption Database, using the CEDEM model (Tennant, 2016) and using the brand-loyal consumer scenario. The exposure assessment was based on the summary statistics from the EFSA Comprehensive European Consumption Database, using the CEDEM model (Tennant, 2016) and using the brand-loyal consumer scenario.…”

Section: Infants Above 16 Weeks Of Age and Young Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium l‐methylfolate as a source of folate added for nutritional purposes to infant and follow‐on formula, baby food and processed cereal‐based food

Turck¹,

Castenmiller²,

Henauw³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the extension of use of calcium L-methylfolate to be used as a source of folate added for nutritional purposes to infant and follow-on formula, baby food and processed cereal-based food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 609/2013. In 2004, EFSA assessed the use of calcium L-methylfolate as a source of folate in foods for particular nutritional uses, food supplements and foods intended for the general population. The new alternative synthetic step proposed to produce the nutrient source, using platinum as a catalyst, did not raise any safety concern and the production process was found to consistently yield a product in line with the proposed specifications. Based on the studies assessed in the previous evaluation, it was concluded that calcium L-methylfolate is non-genotoxic and that subchronic and embryotoxicity/teratogenicity studies in rats did not reveal any adverse effects up to the highest doses tested. The Panel considered that no additional toxicological studies are required on the nutrient source. The intervention study in healthy infants provided by the applicant did not indicate differences in growth and tolerance parameters in infants who consumed either an infant formula supplemented with calcium L-methylfolate or with folic acid, and did not raise concerns regarding safety or tolerability of the infant formula with the proposed nutrient source. The study also provided further supporting evidence for the bioavailability of calcium L-methylfolate. The Panel considers that calcium L-methylfolate is a source from which folate is bioavailable and concludes that calcium L-methylfolate is safe under the proposed uses and use levels for infants and young children. A and Knutsen HK, 2020. Scientific Opinion on calcium L-methylfolate as a source of folate added for nutritional purposes to infant and follow-on formula, baby food and processed cerealbased food.

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“…According to the survey, the uses covered were all direct uses and carry-over into foods. The collected data were used to generate intake estimates with the Comprehensive European Dietary Exposure Model (CEDEM) (Tennant 2016) and resulted in population average intake estimates of silicon dioxide from its use as a food additive (E 551) ranging between 0.28 and 4.53 mg E 551/kg bw/day. The highest intake estimate was at 12.7 mg/kg bw/day for children in Bulgaria which is likely to be an overestimate because it assumes 100 % occurrence of E 551 in all food categories.…”

Section: Exposure and Intake Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The safety of nanostructured synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) as a food additive (E 551)

Fruijtier-Pölloth¹

2016

Arch Toxicol

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Key messages Particle sizes of E 551 products are in the micrometre range. The typical external diameters of the constituent particles (aggregates) are greater than 100 nm. E 551 does not break down under acidic conditions such as in the stomach, but may release dissolved silica in environments with higher pH such as the intestinal tract. E 551 is one of the toxicologically most intensively studied substances and has not shown any relevant systemic or local toxicity after oral exposure. AbstractSynthetic amorphous silica (SAS) meeting the specifications for use as a food additive (E 551) is and has always been produced by the same two production methods: the thermal and the wet processes, resulting in E 551 products consisting of particles typically in the micrometre size range. The constituent particles (aggregates) are typically larger than 100 nm and do not contain discernible primary particles. Particle sizes above 100 nm are necessary for E 551 to fulfil its technical function as spacer between food particles, thus avoiding the caking of food particles. Based on an in-depth review of the available toxicological information and intake data, it is concluded that the SAS products specified for use as food additive E 551 do not cause adverse effects in oral repeated-dose studies including doses that exceed current OECD guideline recommendations. In particular, there is no evidence for liver toxicity after oral intake. No adverse effects have been found in oral fertility and developmental toxicity studies, nor are there any indications from in vivo studies for an immunotoxic or neurotoxic effect. SAS is neither mutagenic nor genotoxic in vivo. In intact cells, a direct interaction of unlabelled and unmodified SAS with DNA was never found. Differences in the magnitude of biological responses between pyrogenic and precipitated silica described in some in vitro studies with murine macrophages at exaggerated exposure levels seem to be related to interactions with cell culture proteins and cell membranes. The in vivo studies do not indicate that there is a toxicologically relevant difference between SAS products after oral exposure. It is noted that any silicon dioxide product not meeting established specifications, and/or produced to provide new functionality in food, requires its own specific safety and risk assessment.

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Comprehensive European dietary exposure model (CEDEM) for food additives

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Dietary intake of phloridzin from natural occurrence in foods

Dietary intake of phloridzin from natural occurrence in foods

Calcium l‐methylfolate as a source of folate added for nutritional purposes to infant and follow‐on formula, baby food and processed cereal‐based food

The safety of nanostructured synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) as a food additive (E 551)

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