2007
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2006.08.009
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Comprehensive esophageal microscopy by using optical frequency–domain imaging (with video)

Abstract: Background-Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used for high-resolution endoscopic imaging and diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and intramucosal carcinoma of the esophagus. However, the relatively slow image-acquisition rate of the present OCT systems inhibits wide-field imaging and limits the clinical utility of OCT for diagnostic imaging in patients with Barrett's esophagus.

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Cited by 167 publications
(147 citation statements)
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“…This frequency-domain method offers intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage over the time-domain method [4,5]. With the recently developed rapidly tunable lasers in the 1300-nm range, OFDI has enabled significant improvements in imaging speed, sensitivity, and ranging depth over conventional time-domain OCT systems and been demonstrated for imaging skin, coronary artery, esophagus, and anterior eye segments [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. While retinal imaging is the most established clinical use of OCT, this application has been out of reach for the OFDI systems developed to date because the optical absorption in human eye at 1300 nm is too large.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This frequency-domain method offers intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage over the time-domain method [4,5]. With the recently developed rapidly tunable lasers in the 1300-nm range, OFDI has enabled significant improvements in imaging speed, sensitivity, and ranging depth over conventional time-domain OCT systems and been demonstrated for imaging skin, coronary artery, esophagus, and anterior eye segments [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. While retinal imaging is the most established clinical use of OCT, this application has been out of reach for the OFDI systems developed to date because the optical absorption in human eye at 1300 nm is too large.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies investigated Doppler OCT to provide vascular information of the GI tract, measuring blood flow in the large vessels within or below the muscularis mucosa layer [5,33]. Conversely, OCTA techniques can visualize smaller vessels with slow flow, which are difficult to see with Doppler OCT.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, performing OCTA endoscopically has been challenging. Early studies suggested the feasibility of identifying 2D blood flow in the human GI tract and 3D blood flow in the living swine, but did not visualize microvasculature [5,33]. Utilizing the ultrahigh imaging speed provided by VCSEL light sources and precision distal rotary scanning micromotor catheters, our group demonstrated OCTA imaging of 3D microvasculature in the human GI tract [21].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Operating at a 60 kHz axial line rate required capturing and storing nearly 1 GB of data per second [65,81]. This was accomplished by streaming the data from a 2-channel, 200 MS/s digitizer to an array of hard drives.…”
Section: Data Acquisitionmentioning
confidence: 99%